Abstract
Milk lipids are not only nutrients but also non-immunoglobulin protective factors1–3. The lipids in human milk do not initially have antimicrobial activity, but become antiviral2, antibacteria14,5 and antiprotozoal6 in vitro following storage and in vivo following digestion in the gastrointestinal tract of the milk-fed infant2,5,7. Microbial killing by milk lipids is due primarily to free fatty acids (FFAs) and monoglycerides (MGs) released from milk triglycerides by lipases and can be duplicated using purified FFAs and MGs8,9.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
J. K. Welsh, M. Arsenakis, R. J. Coelen, and J. T. May, J. Infect. Dis. 140: 322 (1979).
C. E. Isaacs, H. Thormar, and T. Pessolano, J. Infect. Dis. 154: 966 (1986).
J. K. Welsh, I. J. Skurrie, and J. T.May ,Infect. Immun. 19: 395 (1978).
J. J. Kabara, Nutr. Rev. 38: 65 (1980).
C. E. Isaacs and H. Thormar, in: “Breastfeeding, Nutrition, Infection and Infant Growth in Developed and Emerging Countries”, S. A. Atkinson, L. A. Hanson, and R. K. Chandra, eds., p. 161, Arts Biomedical Publishers and Distributors, St. John’s Newfoundland, Canada, (1990).
O. Hernell, H. Ward, L. Blackberg, and E. A. Pereira, J. Infect. Dis. 153: 715 (1986).
C. E. Isaacs, S. Kashyap, W. C. Heird, and H. Thormar, Arch. Dis. Childhood 65: 861 (1990).
H. Thormar, C. E. Isaacs, H. Brown, M. R. Barshatzky, and T. Pessolano, Antimicrob. Agents Chemo. 31: 27 (1987).
J. J. Kabara, in: “Symposium on the Pharmacological Effect of Lipids”, J. J. Kabara, ed., p. 1, The American Oil Chemists Society, St. Louis, MO, (1978).
S. J. Miller, R. Aly, H. R. Shinefeld, and P. M. Elias, Arch. Dermatol. 124: 209 (1988).
R. Aly, H. I. Maibach, H. R. Shinefield, and W. G. Strauss, J. Invest. Dermatol. 58: 205 (1972).
J. D. Coonrod, Eur. J. Respir. Dis. 71: 209 (1987).
R. Eliakim, K. DeSchryver-Kecskemetis, L. Nogee, W. F. Stenson, and D. H. Alpers, J. Biol. Chem. 264: 20614 (1989).
K. Rosell and L. M. Srivastava, Hydrobiologia152:471 (1987).
D. L. Ballantine, W. H. Gerwick, S. M. Velez, E. Alexander, and P. Guevara, Hydrobiologia 152: 463 (1987).
L. S. Martin, J. S. McDougal, and S. L. Loskoski, J. Infect. Dis. 152: 400 (1985).
O. Hernell and T. Olivecrona, J. Lipid Res. 15: 367 (1974).
M. Hamosh, Biol. Neonate 52: 50 (1987).
L. Thiry, S. Spencer-Goldberger, and T. Jonckheer, Lancet iî: 891 (1985).
S. K. Hira, U. G. Mangrola, C. Mwale, C. G. Chintu, W. E. Brady and P. L. Perine, J. Pediatr. 117: 421 (1990).
K. L. Schnorr and L. D. Pearson, J. Reproduct. Immunol. 6: 329 (1984).
M. Kmetz, H. W. Dunne, and R. D. Schultz, Amer. J. Veterinary Res. 31: 637 (1970).
C. A. Alford, Jr. and W. J. Britt, in: “Virology”, G. W. Fields, ed., p. 629, Raven Press, New York (1985).
G. H. Silber, D. L. Hachey, R. J. Schanler, and C. Garza, Amer. J. Clin. Nutr. 47: 810 (1988).
A. Catharine Ross, M. E. Davila, and M. P. Cleary, J. Nutr. 115: 1488 (1985).
R. J. Schanler, R. M. Goldblum, C. Garza, and A. S. Goldman, Ped. Res. 20: 711 (1986).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1991 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Isaacs, C.E., Thormar, H. (1991). The Role of Milk-Derived Antimicrobial Lipids as Antiviral and Antibacterial Agents. In: Mestecky, J., Blair, C., Ogra, P.L. (eds) Immunology of Milk and the Neonate. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 310. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3838-7_19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3838-7_19
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-6713-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-3838-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive