Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Hanle Effect and Level-Crossing Spectroscopy on Molecules

  • Chapter
The Hanle Effect and Level-Crossing Spectroscopy

Part of the book series: Physics of Atoms and Molecules ((PAMO))

Abstract

The Hanle effect and level-crossing spectroscopy were applied to molecules rather late. A theoretical study on molecular level-crossing spectroscopy by Zare(1) in 1966 was soon followed by experiments, as shown by a first report(2) on applications of this technique to molecules in 1969. These first experiments demonstrated clearly why it was difficult to apply the technique of the Hanle effect and level-crossing spectroscopy to molecules. There were no spectral lamps, as for atoms, to prepare molecules into selected states, because any electronic state of a molecule exhibits a large number of vibrational and rotational levels. With the advent of lasers, expecially of tunable continuous lasers, the Hanle effect and level-crossing spectroscopy became more attractive to the investigation of molecules. The new light source enabled the preparation of a sufficient number of molecules into selected states, and made possible systematic investigations of molecules in several states. Such systematic studies were performed on diatomic molecules especially by Lehmann and co-workers. The review articles of these authors(3-6) serve also best as an introduction to the application of the Hanle effect and level-crossing spectroscopy to diatomic molecules. However, when these articles were written, there was only little known on the application of this experimental technique to polyatomic molecules. This situation has changed, especially owing to recent experiments(7) on nitrogen dioxide.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. R. N. Zare, J. Chem. Phys. 45, 4510–4518 (1966).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. R. N. Zare, in Methodes de Spectroscopic sans Larguer Doppler de Niveaux Excités de Systémes Moléculaires Simples, Aussois, France, 23-26 May, 1973 (Natl Centre Sci. Rec, Paris, 1974), pp. 29–40.

    Google Scholar 

  3. J. C. Lehmann, in Frontiers in Laser Spectroscopy, Les Houches, Session XXVII, edited by R. Balian, S. Haroche, and S. Liberman (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1977), Vol. 2, pp. 476–527.

    Google Scholar 

  4. J. C. Lehmann, Rep. Prog. Phys. 41, 1609–1663 (1978).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. M. Broyer, G. Gouédard, J. C. Lehmann, and J. Vigué, in Advances in Atomic and Molecular Physics, edited by D. R. Bates and B. Bederson (Academic Press, New York, 1976), Vol. 12, pp. 165–213.

    Google Scholar 

  6. N. Billy, M. Broyer, B. Girard, G. Gouédard, J. C. Lehmann, and J. Vigué, Ann. Phys. (Paris) 10, 1101–1116 (1985).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. H. G. Weber and F. Bylicki, Acta Phys. Pol. A69, 699–722 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  8. P. Franken, Phys. Rev. 121, 508–512 (1961).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. G. Gouédard and J. C. Lehmann, J. Phys. (Paris) 34, 693–699 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  10. C. H. Townes and A. L. Schawlow, Microwave Spectroscopy (Dover, New York, 1975).

    Google Scholar 

  11. G. W. Loge and C. S. Parmenter, J. Chem. Phys. 74, 29–35 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  12. G. M. Nathanson and G. M. Clelland, J. Chem. Phys. 85, 4311–4321 (1986); 81, 629-642 (1984).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. C. Cohen-Tannoudji, in Atomic Physics 4, edited by G. zu Putlitz, E. W. Weber, and A. Winnacker (Plenum Press, New York, 1975), pp. 589–614.

    Google Scholar 

  14. B. Decomps, M. Dumont, and M. Ducloy, in Laser Spectroscopy of Atoms and Molecules, edited byH. Walther (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1976), pp. 283–347.

    Google Scholar 

  15. M. P. Auzinsh, M. Ya. Tamanis, and R. S. Ferber, Opt. Spectrosc. 59, 828–829 (1985); 63, 582-588 (1987).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. R. S. Ferber, O. A. Shmit, and M. Ya. Tamanis, Chem. Phys. Lett. 61, 441–444 (1979).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. M. Ya. Taminis, R. S. Ferber, and O. A. Shmit, Opt. Spectrosc. 53, 449–450 (1982).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. P. J. Brucat and R. N. Zare, J. Chem. Phys. 78, 100–111 (1983).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. P. J. Brucat and R. N. Zare, J. Chem. Phys. 81, 2562–2570 (1984).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. P. J. Brucat and R. N. Zare, Mol. Phys. 55, 277–285 (1985).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. N. Ochi, H. Watanabe, S. Tsuchiya, and S. Koda, Chem. Phys. 113, 271–285 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  22. G. W. Loge, J. J. Tiee, and F. B. Wampler, J. Chem. Phys. 84, 3624–3629 (1986).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. H. Watanabe, S. Tsuchiya, and S. Koda, J. Chem. Phys. 82, 5310–5317 (1985).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. M. Dubs, P. Schmidt, and J. R. Huber, J. Chem. Phys. 85, 6335–6339 (1986).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. J. S. Baskin, P. M. Felker, and A. H. Zewail, J. Chem. Phys. 86, 2483–2499 (1987).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. J. Kommandeur, W. A. Majewski, W. L. Meerts, and D. W. Pratt, Ann. Rev. Phys. Che. 38, 433–462 (1987).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. M. Jvanco, J. Hager, W. Sharfin, and S. C. Wallace, J. Chem. Phys. 78, 6531–6540 (1983).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. P. M. Felker and A. H. Zewail, J. Chem. Phys. 82, 2961–3002 (1985).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. E. Pebay-Peyroula, R. Jost, M. Lombardi, and J. P. Pique, Chem. Phys. 106, 243–257 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  30. R. L. de Zafra, A. Marshall, and H. Metcalf, Phys. Rev. A 3, 1557–1567 (1971).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. A. Marshall, R. L. de Zafra, and H. Metcalf, Phys. Rev. Lett. 22, 445–449 (1969).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. S. J. Silvers and Chi-Lian Chiu, J. Chem. Phys. 61, 1475–1479 (1974).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. M. B. Moeller, M. R. McKeever, and S. J. Silvers, Chem. Phys. Lett. 31, 398–400 (1975).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  34. W. C. Wells and R. C. Isler, Phys. Rev. Lett. 24, 705–708 (1970).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. J. W. Mills and R. N. Zare, Chem. Phys. Lett. 5, 37–41 (1970).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  36. H. M. Poland and R. N. Zare, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 15,347 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  37. P. Baltayan and O. Nedelec, Phys. Lett. 37A, 31–32 (1971).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  38. M. A. Marechal, R. Jost, and M. Lombardi, Phys. Rev. A 5, 732–740 (1972).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. J. van der Linde and F. W. Dalby, Can. J. Phys. 50, 287–297 (1972).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  40. M. Glass-Maujeau, J. Phys. (Paris), Lett. 38, 427–428 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  41. J. Dufayard, M. Lombardi, and O. Nedelec, C.R. Hebd. Seances. Acad. Sci. (France) B276}, No.12, 471–474 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  42. G. Gouédard and J. C. Lehmann, C.R. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci., Ser. B 270, No. 26, 1664–1667 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  43. G. Gouédard, Ann. Phys. (Paris) 7, 159–198 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  44. K. R. German, R. N. Zare, and D. R. Crosley, J. Chem. Phys. 54, 4039–4044 (1971).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  45. E. M. Weinstock, R. N. Zare, and L. A. Melton, J. Chem. Phys. 56, 3456–3462 (1972).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  46. S. J. Silvers, T. H. Bergeman, and W. Klemperer, J. Chem. Phys. 52, 4385–4399 (1970).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  47. S. J. Silvers and Chi-Lian Chiu, J. Chem. Phys. 65, 5663–5667 (1972).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  48. K. A. Meyer and D. R. Crosley, J. Chem. Phys. 59, 1933–1941 (1973).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  49. K. R. German and R. N. Zare, Phys. Rev. 186, 9–13 (1969).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  50. K. R. German, T. H. Bergeman, E. M. Weinstock, and R. N. Zare, J. Chem. Phys. 58, 4304–4317 (1973).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  51. E. M. Weinstock and R. N. Zare, J. Chem. Phys. 58, 4319–4326 (1973).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  52. M. McClintock, W. Demtröder, and R. N. Zare, J. Chem. Phys. 51, 5509–5521 (1969).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  53. M. Broyer and J. C. Lehman, Phys. Lett. A40, 43–44 (1972).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  54. M. Broyer, J. C. Lehmann, and J. Vigué, J. Phys. (Paris) 36, 235–241 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  55. F. W. Dalby, J. Vigué, and J. C. Lehmann, Can. J. Phys. 53, 140–144 (1975).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  56. G. Gouédard and J. C. Lehamnn, C.R. Hebd. Seances Acad. Set, Ser. B 280, No. 15, 471–474 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  57. G. de Vlieger and H. Eisendrath, J. Phys. B 10, L463–L467 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  58. S. J. Silvers and M. R. McKeever, Chem. Phys. 27, 27–31 (1978).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  59. R Minguzzi and F. Berghi, Nuovo Cimento B 64, 94–99 (1981).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  60. R. E. Smalley, L. Wharton, and D. H. Levy, J. Chem. Phys. 63, 4977–4989 (1975).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  61. C. G. Stevens and R. N. Zare, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 56, 167–187 (1975).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  62. G. R. Bird, J. C. Baird, A. W. Jache, J. A. Hodgeson, R. F. Curl, A. C. Kunkle, J. W. Brandsford, J. Rastrup-Anderson, and J. Rosenthal, J. Chem. Phys. 40, 3378–3390 (1964).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  63. H. J. Vedder, M. Schwarz, H. J. Foth, and W. Demtröder, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 97, 92–116 (1983).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  64. F. Bylicki and H. G. Weber, J. Chem. Phys. 78, 2899–2909 (1983).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  65. H. G. Weber, Z Phys. D} 1, 403–420 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  66. R. E. Imhof and F. H. Read, Rep. Prog. Phys. 40, 1–104 (1977).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  67. R. L. Burnham R. G. Isler and W. C. Wells Phys. Rev. A 6 1327–1340 1972

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  68. T. A. Caughey and D. R. Crosley, Chem. Phys. 20, 467–475 (1977).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  69. E. N. Kotlikou, Opt. Spectrosc. 41, 434–436 (1976).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  70. S. Jsaksen and R S. Ramanujam, J. Chem. Phys. 69, 2259–2260 (1978).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  71. C. W. T. Chien, F. W. Dalby, and J. van der Linde, Can. J. Phys. 56, 827–837 (1978).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  72. G. Gouédard and J. C. Lehmann, J. Phys. Lett. 38, L85–L86 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  73. G. Gouédard and J. C. Lehmann, Faraday Discuss. Chem. Soc. 71, 143–149 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  74. M. Broyer, J. Vigué, and J. C. Lehmann, C.R. Hebd. Seances Acad. Ser., Ser. B 273, No. 7, 289–292 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  75. M. Broyer and J. Vigué, in Methods de Spectroscopic sans Largeur Doppler de Niveaux Excités de systémes Moléculaires Simples, Aussois, France, 23-26 May, 1973 (Natl Centre Sci. Rec, Paris, 1974), pp. 185–194.

    Google Scholar 

  76. J. Vigué, M. Broyer, and J. C. Lehmann, J. Phys. (Paris) 42, 937–978 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  77. H. Figger, D. L. Monts, and R. N. Zare, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 68, 388–398 (1977).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  78. I. R. Bonilla and W. Demtröder, Chem. Phys. Lett. 53, 223–227 (1978).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  79. F. Bylicki and H. G. Weber, Chem. Phys. Lett. 79, 355–359 (1981).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  80. F. Bylicki and H. G. Weber, Chem. Phys. Lett. 79, 517–520 (1981).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  81. F. Bylicki, H. G. Weber, H. Zscheeg, and M. Arnold, J. Chem. Phys. 80, 1791–1795 (1984).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  82. H. G. Weber and F. Bylicki, Chem. Phys. 116, 133–140 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  83. H. G. Weber and F. Bylicki, Z Phys. D 8, 279–288 (1988).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  84. F. Bylicki, F. König, and H. G. Weber, Chem. Phys. Lett. 88, 142–144 (1982).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  85. G. Persch, H. J. Vedder, and W. Demtröder, Chem. Phys. 105, 471–479 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  86. M. Kroll, J. Chem. Phys. 63, 1803–1809 (1975).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  87. S. McIntosh, R. A. Beaudet, and D. A. Dows, Chem. Phys. Lett. 78, 270–272 (1981).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  88. D. Coulter, C. Y. R. Wu, and D. A. Dows, Chem. Phys. Lett. 60, 51–54 (1978).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  89. G. Gouédard, M. Broyer, J. Vigué, and J. C. Lehmann, Chem. Phys. Lett. 43, 118–121 (1976).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  90. M. Broyer, J. Vigué, and J. C. Lehmann, J. Phys. (Paris) 39, 591–609 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  91. F. Bylicki, H. G. Weber, G. Persch, and W. Demtröder, J. Chem. Phys. 88, 3532–3538 (1988).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  92. G. Dohnt, A. Hese, A. Renn, and H. S. Schweda, Chem. Phys. 42, 183–190 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  93. P. J. Dagdigian, J. Chem. Phys. 73, 2049–2051 (1980).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  94. F. Bylicki and H. G. Weber, Chem. Phys. 70, 299–305 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  95. F. W. Dalby, M. Broyer, and J. C. Lehmann, in Méthodes de Spectroscopic sans largeur Doppler de Ni?eaux Exités de Systémes Moléculaires Simples, Aussois, France, 23-26 May, 1973 (Natl Centre Sci. Rec, Paris, (1974), pp. 227–229.

    Google Scholar 

  96. P. Baltayan, Phys. Lett. A 42, 435–436 (1973).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  97. K. R. German, J. Chem. Phys. 64, 4192–4196 (1976).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  98. M. Broyer, F. W. Dalby, J. Vigué, and J. C. Lehmann, Can. J. Phys. 51, 226–228 (1973).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  99. H. G. Weber and G. Miksch, Phys. Rev. A 31, 1477–1487 (1985).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  100. H. G. Weber, Phys. Lett. A 129, 355–358 (1988).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  101. H. G. Weber, F. Bylicki, and G. Miksch, Phys. Rev. A 30, 270–279 (1984).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  102. H. G. Weber, Phys. Rev. A 35, 2747–2749 (1987).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  103. W. Gawlik, Phys. Rev. A 35, 2744–2746 (1987).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  104. H. G. Weber, Z. Phys. D 6, 73–80 (1987).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  105. F. Bylicki (to appear).

    Google Scholar 

  106. A. E. Douglas, J. Chem. Phys. 45, 1007–1015 (1966).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  107. V. M. Donnelly and F. Kaufmann, J. Chem. Phys. 69, 1456–1460 (1978).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  108. H. G. Weber, Phys. Rev. A 31, 1488–1493 (1985).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  109. H. G. Weber (to appear).

    Google Scholar 

  110. R. G. Woolley, Adv. in Phys. 25, No. 1, 27–52 (1976).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  111. M. P. Auzinsh, Polarization of laser-excited fluorescence of diatomic molecules and the magnetic field effect, Opt. Spectrosc. 63, 721–725 (1987).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  112. M. P. Auzinsh, Hanle effect in the ground electronic state of dimers with allowance for the finite value of angular momentum, Opt. Spectros. 65, 153–156 (1988).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  113. M. P. Auzinsh and R. S. Ferber, Optical orientation and alignment of high-lying vibrational-rotational levels of diatomic molecules under their fluorescence population, Opt. Spectros. 66, 158–163 (1989).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  114. I. P. Klintsare, A. V. Stolyarov, M. Ya. Tamanis, R. S. Ferber, and Ya. A. Kharya, Anomalous behavior of Lande factors of the Te2 (BO+ u) molecule of the intensities of the BO+-X1+g transition, Opt. Spectrosc. 66, 595–697 (1989).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  115. G. W. Loge and J. J. Tiee, Lifetime of the A2Σ+, v’ = 0 level of HS measured using the Hanle effect, J. Chem. Phys. 89, 7167–7171 (1988).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Heinrich-Hertz-Institut and Optisches Institut der Technischen Universität, Berlin, D-1000, Berlin 10, Federal Republic of Germany

    H. G. Weber

Authors
  1. H. G. Weber
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy

    Giovanni Moruzzi  & Franco Strumia  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1991 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Weber, H.G. (1991). The Hanle Effect and Level-Crossing Spectroscopy on Molecules. In: Moruzzi, G., Strumia, F. (eds) The Hanle Effect and Level-Crossing Spectroscopy. Physics of Atoms and Molecules. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3826-4_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3826-4_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-6707-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-3826-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation