Abstract
The effect of the particles creation by black holes discovered by Hawking (1974, 1975) is a result of the vacuum instability in a strong gravitational field. The action of such a field on vacuum virtual particles provides a part of them with enough energy to become real. Some of the created real particles are swallowed by the black hole while the other escape to infinity and form the Hawking radiation. This effect has been studied in detail.
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Frolov, V.P. (1990). Particle Creation and Vacuum Polarization Near Black Holes. In: Audretsch, J., de Sabbata, V. (eds) Quantum Mechanics in Curved Space-Time. NATO ASI Series, vol 230. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3814-1_7
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