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Mechanisms of Oxidase Activation in Neutrophils

Importance of Intracellular Calcium and Cytoskeletal Interactions

  • Chapter
Blood Cell Biochemistry Volume 3

Part of the book series: Blood Cell Biochemistry ((BLBI,volume 3))

Abstract

Polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes, or neutrophils, play a key role in combating infection by killing the infecting microorganisms. These cells also play a role in wound healing by removing cell debris and extracellular material from the wound site. Neu-trophils leave the circulation and move through the tissues (by a process of chemotaxis) to the inflammatory site, where they accumulate in high density (up to 108/ml). The neutrophils at this site phagocytose the infecting microbes and kill them within phagosomes. This is achieved after the fusion of granules containing degradative and hydrolytic enzymes with the phagosome. Accompanying these events is activation of a non-mitochondria’ oxidase system, which generates superoxide ions (see Section 2), which dismutate to peroxide. The most abundant enzyme within the phagolysosome is the enzyme myeloperoxidase, which in the presence of the formed peroxide and chloride ions catalyzes the production of hypochlorite (Table I.) Hypochlorites as well as superoxide and peroxide are extremely toxic to the microbes within the vacuoles, which are consequently killed. Other reactions that also lead to reactive and hence toxic oxygen metabolites have been postulated (Table I).

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  1. University Department of Surgery, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, CF4 4XN, UK

    Futwan A. Al-Mohanna & Maurice B. Hallett

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  1. Futwan A. Al-Mohanna
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  1. North East Thames Regional Transfusion Centre, Brentwood, Essex, England

    J. R. Harris

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Al-Mohanna, F.A., Hallett, M.B. (1991). Mechanisms of Oxidase Activation in Neutrophils. In: Harris, J.R. (eds) Blood Cell Biochemistry Volume 3. Blood Cell Biochemistry, vol 3. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3796-0_11

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