Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Emerging Issues in the Care of the Elderly

  • Chapter
Handbook of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings

Abstract

Older adults comprise the largest subgroup of patients seen in general medical settings. Yet, most health care professionals, including psychologists, have had little or no training in normal aging or in diseases that affect the aged. According to an American Psychological Association survey conducted in 1982, less than 5% of psychological services were delivered to elderly clients, and only a fraction of a percentage of psychologists in health settings reported a primary focus on aging (VandenBos & Stapp, 1983). This pattern is changing to a degree, through improvements in graduate curricula and in clinical experience provided by internship and postdoctoral programs. However, there continues to be a need to integrate expertise in rapidly growing subspecialties such as neuropsychology, health psychology, and behavioral medicine, with an understanding of the psychology of aging.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • American Psychiatric Association (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed. rev.). Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anthony, J. C., Le Resche, L., Niaz, U., Von Korff, M., & Folstein, M. (1982). Limits of the “Mini-Mental State” as a screening test for dementia and delirium among hospital patients. Psychological Medicine, 12, 397–408.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arena, J. G., Hightower, N. E., & Chong, G. C. (1988). Relaxation therapy for tension headache in the elderly: A prospective study. Psychology and Aging, 3, 96–99.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beck, A. T., & Beck, R. W. (1972). Screening depressed patients in family practice: A rapid technique. Postgraduate Medicine, 52, 81–85.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4, 561–573.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blazer, D. G., & Williams, C. D. (1980). Epidemiology of dysphoria and depression in an elderly population. American Journal of Psychiatry, 137, 439–444.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blessed, G., Tomlinson, B. E., & Roth, M. (1968). The association between quantitative measures of dementia and of senile change in the cerebral grey matter of elderly subjects. British Journal of Psychiatry, 114, 797–811.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bootzin, R. R., & Engle-Friedman, M. (1987). Sleep disturbances. In L. L. Carstensen & B. A. Ededstein (Eds.), Handbook of clinical gerontology (pp. 238–251). New York: Pergamon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bootzin, R. R., Engle-Friedman, M., & Hazelwood, L. (1983). Insomnia. In P J. Lewinsohn & L. Teri (Eds.), Clinical geropsychology: New directions in assessment and treatment. Elmsford, NY: Pergamon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Braithwaite, V. A. (1986). Old age stereotypes: Reconciling contradictions. Journal of Gerontology, 41, 353–360.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Butler, R. N., & Gastel, B. (1980). Care of the aged. In L. Ng & J. J. Bonica (Eds.), Pain,discomfort, and humanitarian care (pp. 297–311). New York: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caine, E. (1981). Pseudodementia: Current concepts and future directions. Archives of General Psychiatry, 38,1359–1364.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carr, J. E. (1987). Federal impact on psychology in medical schools. American Psychologist, 9, 869–872.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, D., Eisdorfer, C., Prinz, P., Breen, A., Davis, M., & Gadsby, A. (1983). Sleep disturbances in the institutionalized aged. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 31, 79–82.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, R. M., Miles, L. E., Guilleminault, C. C., Zar-cone, V. P., van den Hoed, J., & Dement, W. C. (1981). Sleep wake disorders in the elderly: A polysomnographic analysis. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 29, 289–296.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Felton, B. J., & Revenson, T. A. (1987). Age differences in coping with chronic illness. Psychology and Aging, 2, 164–170.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Folstein, M. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1979). Dementia syndrome of depression. In R. Katzman, R. D. Terry, & K. L. Bick (Eds.), Alzheimer’s disease: Senile dementia and related disorders (pp. 87–96). New York: Raven Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Folstein, M. E., Folstein, S., & McHugh, P R. (1975). Mini-Mental State: A practical method of grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189–198.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Folstein, M. E., Anthony, J. C., Parhad, I., Duffy, B., & Gruenberg, E. M. (1985). The meaning of cognitive impairment in the elderly. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 33, 228–235.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fordyce, W. E. (1978). Evaluation and managing chronic pain. Geriatrics, 33, 59–62.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, A. S. (1964). Minimal effects of severe depression on cognitive functioning. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 69, 237–243.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gallagher, D., Nies, G., & Thompson, L. W. (1982). Reliability of the Beck Depression Inventory with older adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 50, 152–153.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gallagher, D., Breckenridge, J., Steinmetz, J., & Thompson, L. (1983). The Beck Depression Inventory and Research Diagnostic Criteria: Congruence in an older population. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 51, 945–946.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gatz, M., & Pearson, C. G. (1988). Ageism revised and the provision of psychological services. American Psychologist, 43, 184–188.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gatz, M., Popkin, S. J., Pino, C. D., & VandenBos, G. R. (1985). Psychological interventions with older adults. In J. E. Birren & K. W. Schaie (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of aging (2nd ed.) (pp. 755–785). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

    Google Scholar 

  • Georgotas, A., McCue, R. E., Cooper, T. B., Nagachandran, N., & Chang, I. (1988). How effective and safe is continuation therapy in elderly depressed patients? Archives of General Psychiatry, 45, 929–932.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • German, P. S., Shapiro, S., Skinner, E. A., VonKorff, E., Klein, L. E., Turner, R. W., Teitelbaum, M. L., Burke, J., & Burns, B. (1987). Detection and management of mental health problems of older patients by primary care providers. Journal of the American Medical Association, 257, 489–493.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, R. C., & Beresford, T. P. (1984). Tricyclic antidepressants. Geriatrics, 39, 81–93.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, M. (1960). A rating scale for depression. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery,and Psychiatry, 23, 56–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hassell, C. M., Guiliano A. E., Thompson, R. W., & Zarem, H. A. (1985). Breast cancer. In C. Hassell (Ed.), Cancer treatment (pp. 137–180). Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hicks, R., Dysken, M. W., Davis, J. M., Lesser, J., Ripeckyj, A., & Lazarus, L. (1981). The pharmacokinetics of psychotropic medication in the elderly: A review. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 42, 374–385.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holroyd, K. A., & Penzien, D. B. (1986). Client variables and the behavioral treatment of chronic headache: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 9, 515–536.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hyer, L., Gouveia, I., Harrison, W., Warsaw, J., & Coutsouridis, D. (1987). Depression, anxiety, paranoid reactions, hypochrondriasis, and cognitive decline of later-life inpatients. Journal of Gerontology, 42, 92–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jamieson, A. O. (1988). Obesity and sleep disordered breathing. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 10, 107–112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jarvik, L. E., Mintz, J., Steuer, J., & Gerner, R. (1982). Treating geriatric depression: A 26-week interim analysis. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,30, 713–717.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kahn, R. L., Goldfarb, A. I., Pollack, M., & Peck, A. (1960). Brief objective measures for the determination of mental status in the aged. American Journal of Psychiatry, 117, 326–328.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaiko, R. F., Wallenstein, S. L., Rogers, A. G., Brabinski, P. Y., & Houda, R. W. (1982). Narcotics in the elderly. Medical Clinics of North America, 66, 1079–1089.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kales, J., Tan, T., Swearingen, C., & Kales, A. (1971). Are over-the-counter sleep medications effective? All-night EEG studies. Current Therapeutic Research, 13, 143–151.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kales, A., Scharf, M. B., & Kales, J. D. (1978). Rebound insomnia: A new clinical syndrome. Science, 201, 1039–1040.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kane, R. A., & Kane, R. L. (1981). Assessing the elderly: A practical guide to measurement. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katon, W., Kleinman, A., & Rosen, G. (1982). Depression and somatization: A review, Part 2. The American Journal of Medicine, 72, 241–247.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Katon, W., Berg, A. 0., Robins, A. J., & Risse, S. (1986). Depression-Medical utilization and somatization. The Western Journal of Medicine,144, 564–568.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kiernan, R. J., Mueller, J., Langston, J. W., & Van Dyke, C. (1987). The Neurobehavioral Cognitive Screening Examination: A brief but quantitative approach to cognitive assessment. Annals of Internal Medicine, 107, 481–485.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Knight, B. (1986). Management variables as predictors of service utilization by the elderly in mental health. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 23, 141–147.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kochansky, G. E. (1979). Psychiatric rating scales for assessing psychopathology in the elderly: A critical review. In A. Raskin & L. Jarvik (Eds.), Psychiatric symptoms and cognitive loss in the elderly. Washington, DC: Hemisphere.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kwentus, J. A., Harkins, S. W., Lignon, N., & Silverman, J. J. (1985). Current concepts of geriatric pain and its treatment. Geriatrics, 40, 48–57.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Larson, E. B., Reifler, B. V., Sumi, S. M., Canfield, C. G., & Chinn, N. M. (1985). Diagnostic evaluation of 200 elderly outpatients with suspected dementia. Journal of Gerontology, 40, 536–543.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • La Rue, A., Spar, J., & Hill, C. (1986). Cognitive impairment in late-life depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 11, 179–184.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lipowski, Z. J. (1983). Transient cognitive disorders (delirium, acute confusional states) in the elderly. American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 1426–1436.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lipowski, Z. J. (1987). Delirium (acute confusional states). Journal of the American Medical Association,258, 1789–1792.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liston, E. (1977). Occult presenile dementia. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 164, 263–267.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liston, E. H. (1982). Delirium in the aged. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 5, 49–66.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mattis, S. (1976). Mental status examination for organic mental syndrome in the elderly patient. In L. Bellak & T. B. Karasu (Eds.), Geriatric psychiatry (pp. 79–121). New York: Grune & Stratton.

    Google Scholar 

  • McAllister, T. W. (1983). Overview: Pseudodementia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 528–533.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGivney, W. T., & Crooks, G. M. (1984). The care of patients with severe chronic pain in terminal illness. Journal of the American Medical Association, 251,1182–1188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meddis, R. (1977). The sleep instinct. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

    Google Scholar 

  • Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics. (1984, February). Drug interactions update. New Rochelle, NY: Medical Letter.

    Google Scholar 

  • Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics (1986, August). Drugs that cause psychiatric symptoms. New Rochelle, NY: Medical Letter.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mellinger, G. D., Balter, M. B., & Uhlenhuth, E. H. (1985). Insomnia and its treatment. Archives of General Psychiatry, 42, 225–232.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miles, L. E., & Dement, W. C. (1980). Sleep and aging. Sleep, 3, 119–220.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, E. (1983). The prognosis of depression in old age. British Journal of Psychiatry, 142, 111–119.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • National Center for Health Statistics. (1987a). Current estimates from the National Health Interview Survey, United States, 1986. Vital and Health Statistics Series 10, No. 164.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Center for Health Statistics. (1987b). Family use of health care, United States, 1980. National Medical Care Utilization and Expenditure Survey Series B, Descriptive Report #10, DHHS Pub. No. 87–20210.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Center for Health Statistics. (1987c). Utilization of short-stay hospitals, United States, 1985, Annual Summary. Vital and Health Statistics Series 13. No. 91.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Institute on Aging Task Force. (1980). Senility reconsidered. Journal of the American Medical Association,244, 259–263.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nino-Murcia, G., & Keenan, S. (1988). A multicomponent approach to the management of insomnia. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 10, 101–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Norris, J. T., Gallagher, D., Wilson, A., & Winograd, C. H. (1987). Assessment of depression in geriatric medical outpatients: The validity of two screening measures. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 35, 989–995.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Osato, S., Yang, J., & La Rue, A. (1988). Diagnostic utility of the NCSE in a geropsythiatric sample. Unpublished manuscript.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ouslander, J. G. (1981). Drug therapy in the elderly. Annals of Internal Medicine, 95, 711–722.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pfeiffer, E. (1975). A short portable mental status questionnaire for the assessment of organic brain deficit in elderly patients. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 23, 433–441.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pfeiffer, R. E. (1982). Drugs for pain in the elderly. Geriatrics, 37, 67–76.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Phifer, J. E., & Murrell, S. A. (1986). Etiologic factors in the onset of depressive symptoms in older adults. journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95, 282–291.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Poon, L. (Ed.). (1986). Handbook for clinical memory assessment of older adults. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Post, E. (1966). Somatic and psychic factors in the treatment of elderly psychiatric patients. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 10, 13–19.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rabins, P. V. (1983). Reversible dementia and the misdiagnosis of dementia: A review. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 34, 830–835.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rabins, P. V., Merchant, A., & Nestadt, G. (1984). Criteria for diagnosing reversible dementia caused by depression: Validation by 2-year follow-up. British Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 488–492.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rapp, S. R., Parisi, S. A., & Walsh, D. A. (1988). Psychological dysfunction and physical health among elderly medical inpatients. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 851–855.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rapp, S. R., Parisi, S. A., Walsh, D. A., & Wallace, C. E. (1988). Detecting depression in elderly medical inpatients. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,56, 509–513.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Redd, W. H. (1982). Behavioral analysis and control of psychosomatic symptoms of patients receiving intensive cancer treatment. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 21, 351–358.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Regier, D. A., Boyd, J. H., Burke, J. D., Jr., Rae, D. S., Myers, J. K., Kramer, M., Robins, L. N., George, L. K., Karno, M., & Locke, B. Z. (1988). One-month prevalence of mental disorders in the United States. Archives of General Psychiatry, 45, 977–986.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reifler, B. V., Larson, E., & Hanley, R. (1982). Coexistence of cognitive impairment and depression in geriatric outpatients. American journal of Psychiatry, 139, 623–626.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, C. E., Hoch, C. C., Kupfer, D. J., Buysse, D. J., Houck, P. R., Stack, J. A., & Campbell, D. W. (1988). Bedside differentiation of depressive pseudodementia from dementia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 145, 1099–1103.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roca, R. P. (1987). Bedside cognitive examination. Psychosomatics,28, 71–76.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Romano, J. M., & Turner, J. A. (1985). Chronic pain and depression: Does the evidence support a relationship? Psychological Bulletin, 97, 18–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roth, M. (1971). Classification and aetiology in mental disorders of old age: Some recent developments. In D. W. K. Kay & A. Walk (Eds.), Recent developments in psycho-geriatrics: A symposium (pp. 1–18). Ashford, England: Headley Brothers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rothchild, D. (1942). Neuropathologic changes in arteriosclerotic psychoses and their psychiatric significance. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry, 48, 417–436.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roybal, E. R. (1988). Mental health and aging: The need for an expanded Federal response. American Psychologist, 43, 189–194.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schwamm, L. H., Van Dyke, C., Kiernan, R. J., Merrin, E. L., & Mueller, J. (1987). The Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination: Comparison with the Cognitive Capacity Screening Examination and the Mini-Mental State Examination in a neurosurgical population. Annals of Internal Medicine, 107, 486–491.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scogin, E., Beutler, L., Corbishley, A., & Hamblin, D. (1987, August). Reliability and validity of the Short-Form Beck Depression Inventory with older adults. Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the Gerontological Society of America, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shapiro, S., Skinner, E. A., Kessler, L. G., Von Korff, M., German, P. S., Tischler, G. L., Leaf, P. J., Benham, L., Cottler, L., & Regier, D. A. (1984). Utilization of health and mental health services. Archives of General Psychiatry, 41, 971–978.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Siegfried, K. (1985). Cognitive symptoms in late-life depression and their treatment. Journal of Affective Disorders, Supplement 1, S33–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Small, G. W., & Fawzy, E. I. (1988). Psychiatric consultation for the medically ill elderly in the general hospital: Need for a collaborative model of care. Psychosomatics, 29, 94–103.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, R. A. P., Woodward, N. J., Wallston, B. S., Wallston, K. A., Rye, R, & Zylstra, M. (1988). Health care implications of desire and expectancy for control in elderly adults. Journal of Gerontology, 43, Pl-P7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spencer, G. (1984). Projections of the population of the United States by age, sex, and race: 1983 to 2080. Current Population Reports Series P25, No. 952, U.S. Bureau of the Census.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spitzer, R. L., Endicott, J., & Robbins, E. (1978). Research Diagnostic Criteria: Rationale and reliability. Archives of General Psychiatry, 35, 773–782.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sturgis, E. T., Dolce, J. J., & Dickerson, P. C. (1987). Pain management in the elderly. In L. L. Carstensen & B. A. Ededstein (Eds.), Handbook of clinical gerontology (pp. 190–203). New York: Pergamon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Terry, R. D., & Davies, P. (1980). Dementia of the Alzheimer type. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 3, 77–95.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, L. W., Gallagher, D., & Breckenridge, J. S. (1987). Comparative effectiveness of psychotherapies for depressed elders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,55, 385–390.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Toner, J., Gurland, B., & Teresi, J. (1988). Comparison of self-administered and rater-administered methods of assessing levels of severity of depression in elderly patients. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 43, P136–140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trzepacz, P. T., Baker, R. W., & Greenhouse, J. (1988). A symptom rating scale for delirium. Psychiatry Research, 23, 89–97.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, R. J., & Noh, S. (1988). Physical disability and depression: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 29, 23–37.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Bureau of the Census. (1987). Estimates of the population of the United States, by age, sex and race: 1980–1986. Current Population Reports Series P-25, No. 1000.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Senate Special Committee on Aging. (1987–1988). Aging America: Trends and projections. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • VandenBos, G. R., & Stapp, J. (1983). Service providers in psychology: Results of the 1982 APA Human Resources Survey. American Psychologist, 38, 1330–1352.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Veith, R. C., Raskind, M. A., Caldwell, J. H., Barnes, R. E., Gumbrecht, G., & Ritchie, J. L. (1982). Cardiovascular effects of tricyclic antidepressants in depressed patients with chronic heart disease. The New England Journal of Medicine, 306, 954–959.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weicker, W., (1987, October). Diagnosis of delirium in older adults. Paper presented at the meeting of the Canadian Gerontological Society, Calgary, Alberta.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weingartner, H., & Silberman, E. (1982). Models of cognitive impairment: Cognitive changes in depression. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 18, 27–42.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wells, C. F. (1979). Pseudodementia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 136, 895–900.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, J. B. W. (1988). A structured interview guide for the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Archives of General Psychiatry, 45, 742–747.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Woodward, N. J., & Wallston, B. S. (1987). Age and health care beliefs: Self-efficacy as a mediator of low desire for control. Psychology and Aging, 2, 3–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yesavage, J. A., Brink, T. L., Rose, T. L., Lum, O., Huang, V., Adey, M., & Leirer, O. (1983). Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: A preliminary report. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 17, 37–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zarit, S. H., Anthony, C. R., & Boutselis, M. (1987). Interventions with caregivers of dementia patients: Comparison of two approaches. Psychology and Aging, 2, 225–232.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zung, W. W. K. (1965). A self-rating depression scale. Archives of General Psychiatry, 12, 63–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90024–1759, USA

    Asenath La Rue & Charles McCreary

Authors
  1. Asenath La Rue
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Charles McCreary
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Evanston Hospital and Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA

    Jerry J. Sweet , Ronald H. Rozensky  & Steven M. Tovian ,  & 

  2. Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois, USA

    Jerry J. Sweet , Ronald H. Rozensky  & Steven M. Tovian ,  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1991 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

La Rue, A., McCreary, C. (1991). Emerging Issues in the Care of the Elderly. In: Sweet, J.J., Rozensky, R.H., Tovian, S.M. (eds) Handbook of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3792-2_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3792-2_14

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-6690-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-3792-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation