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Machinery for Protein Import into Chloroplasts and Mitochondria

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Genetic Engineering

Part of the book series: Genetic Engineering ((GEPM,volume 13))

Abstract

Chloroplasts and mitochondria are unique among cellular organelles as they possess a separate genome and a complete system for replication, transcription and translation of their genetic information. However, the chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes have a limited capacity to encode their essential protein components (~10% in both cases). Most of the proteins in chloroplasts and mitochondria are nuclear-encoded and synthesized on cytoplasmic ribosomes. These proteins are subsequently imported into the organelles from the cytosol and must be assembled into the correct subcompartment in order to function properly. There are four subcompartments (outer membrane, intermembrane space, inner membrane and matrix) in mitochondria whereas there are six subcompartments (outer membrane, intermembrane space, inner membrane, stroma, thylakoid membrane and thylakoid lumen) in chloroplasts. Each of these subcompartments contains a unique set of proteins indicating that the translocation of proteins across one, two or (in chloroplasts) three membranes in succession is a highly selective process.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10021, USA

    Debkumar Pain, Danny J. Schnell, Hiroshi Murakami & Günter Blobel

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  1. Debkumar Pain
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  2. Danny J. Schnell
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  3. Hiroshi Murakami
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  4. Günter Blobel
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA

    Jane K. Setlow

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Pain, D., Schnell, D.J., Murakami, H., Blobel, G. (1991). Machinery for Protein Import into Chloroplasts and Mitochondria. In: Setlow, J.K. (eds) Genetic Engineering. Genetic Engineering, vol 13. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3760-1_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3760-1_6

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