Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Methods of Surface Characterization ((MOSC,volume 2))

Abstract

Surface characterization by ion scattering spectroscopy means the determination of the atomic masses and their geometric arrangement on a solid surface. A low-energy ion beam is a well-suited probe for such investigations because of the strong interaction between the ions in the considered energy regime and the surface atoms. “Low-energy” here refers to a range from a few hundred electron volts up to several keV. There are some essential features of ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS) or low-energy ion scattering (LEIS) which define its usefulness as a surface analytical method.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. D. P. Smith, J. Appl. Phys. 18, 340 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  2. N. Bohr, Mat.-Fys. Medd. Kgl. Dan. Vid. Selsk. 18(8) (1948).

    Google Scholar 

  3. I. M. Torrens, Interatomic Potentials, Academic, New York (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  4. H. Goldstein, Classical Mechanics, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  5. E. Taglauer, W. Englert, W. Heiland, and D. P. Jackson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 45, 740 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  6. G. van Wyk, W. Englert, and E. Taglauer, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B35, 504 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  7. A. Zartner, W. Heiland, and E. Taglauer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 40, 1259 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  8. V. I. Veksler, Sov. Phys. JETP 17,9 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  9. W. Heiland and E. Taglauer, Nucl. Instrum. Methods 132,535 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  10. E. Hulpke, Surf. Sci. 52, 615 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  11. R. Bastasz, T. E. Felter, and W. P. Ellis, Phys. Rev. Lett. 63,558 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  12. P. J. Schneider, W. Eckstein, and H. Verbeek, Nucl. Instrum. Methods 218, 713 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  13. J. W. Rabalais, J. A. Schultz, and R. Kumov, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. 218, 719 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  14. W. Eckstein and R. Bastasz, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. 829, 603 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  15. E. S. Mashkova and V. A. Molchanov, Medium Energy Ion Reftection from Solids, North-Holland, Amsterdam (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  16. O. B. Firsov, Sov. Phys. JETP 6,534 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  17. W. Heiland, E. Taglauer, and M. T. Robinson, Nucl. Instrum. Methods 132, 655 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  18. Tb. Fauster, Vacuum 38, 129 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  19. E. Taglauer, M. Beckschulte, R. Magraf, and D. Mehl, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B35, 404 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  20. J. Lindhard, V. Nielsen, and M. Scharff, Mat. Fys. Medd. Dan. Vid. Selsk. 36(10) (196)8.

    Google Scholar 

  21. G. Moliere, Z. Naturforsch. 2A, 133 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  22. J. F. Ziegler, J. P. Biersack, and U. Littmark, Stopping Powers and Ranges of Ions in Matter, Vol. 1 (J. F. Ziegler, ed.), Pergamon, New York (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  23. J. P. Biersack and J. F. Ziegler, Nucl. Instrum. Methods 194, 93 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  24. V. M. Kivilis, E. S. Parilis, and N. Yu Turaev, Sov. Phys.-Dokl. 12,328 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  25. E. Taglauer and W. Heiland, Surf. Sci. 33,27 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  26. M. Aono, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. 82,374 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  27. B. Poelsema, L. K. Verheij, and A. L. Boers, Surf Sci. 133,344 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  28. E. Taglauer, Appl. Phys. A3, 161 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  29. D. G. Swartzfager, S. B. Ziemecki, and M. J. Kelley, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 19, 185 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  30. P. Varga and G. Hetzendorf, Surf. Sci. 162,544 (1985); G. Hetzendorf and P. Varga, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. 818, 501 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  31. J. du Plessis, G. N. van Wyk, and E. Taglauer, Surf Sci. 220, 381 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  32. E. Taglauer and W. Heiland, Appl. Phys. Lett. 24,437 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  33. M. Beckschulte, D. Mehl, and E. Taglauer, Vacuum 41, 67 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  34. H. D. Hagstrum, Phys. Rev. 96,336 (1954); 104, 672 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  35. E. G. Overbosch, B. Rasser, A. D. Tenner, and J. Los, Surf. Sci. 92,310 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  36. A. L. Boers, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. 82, 353 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  37. W. Heiland and E. Taglauer, in: Applied Atomic Collision Physics, Vol. 4, p. 237 (S. Datz, ed.), Academic, New York (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  38. R. J. MacDonald and D. J. O’Connor, Surf. Sci. 124,423, (1983). R. J. MacDonald and P. J. Martin, Surf. Sei. 111, L739 (1981). D. J. O’Connor, Y. G. Shen, J. M. Wilson, and R. J. MacDonald, Surl. Sei. 197,277 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  39. A. Richard and H. Eschenbacher, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. 82,444(1984).

    Google Scholar 

  40. G. Engelmann, E. Taglauer, and D. P. Jackson, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. 813, 240 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  41. C. S. Chang, T. L. Porter, and I. S. T. Tsong, Vacuum 39, 1195 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  42. D. J. Godfrey and D. P. Woodruff, Surf. Sci. 105,438 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  43. W. Englert, E. Taglauer, W. Heiland, and D. P. Jackson, Phys. Scr. T6, 38 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  44. S. H. Overbury, B. M. Dekoven, and P. C. Stair, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. 82, 384 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  45. R. L. Erickson and D. P. Smith, Phys. Rev. Lett. 34,297 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  46. A. Zartner, E. Taglauer, and W. Heiland, Phys. Rev. Lett. 40, 1259 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  47. T. W. Rusch and R. L. Erickson, in: Inelastic Ion Surface Collisions, N. H. Tolk, J. C. Tully, W. Heiland, and C. W. White, eds., p. 73, Academic, New York (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  48. P. A. Redhead, J. P. Hobson, and E. V. Komelsen, The Physical Basis of Ultrahigh Vacuum, Chapman and Hall, London (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  49. H. J. Kreuzer and Z. W. Gortel, Physorption Kinetics, Springer, Berlin (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  50. W. Heiland and E. Taglauer, in: Methods of Experimental Physics, Vol. 22, p. 99, R. L. Park and M. G. Lagally, eds., Academic, Orlando, Florida (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  51. H. H. Andersen and H. L. Bay, in: Sputtering by Particle Bombardment I, p. 145, R. Behrisch, ed., Springer, Berlin (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  52. E. Taglauer, W. Heiland, and J. Onsgaard, Nucl. Instrum. Methods 168, 571 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  53. E. Taglauer, Appl. Phys. A 51, 238 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  54. Spectra-Mat. Inc., Watsonville, California.

    Google Scholar 

  55. S. H. Overbury, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. 827,65 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  56. A. J. Algra, S. B. Luitjens, E. P. Th. M. Suurmeijer, and A. L. Boers, Nucl. Instrum. Methods 203 (1982) 515.

    Google Scholar 

  57. D. P. Jackson, W. Heiland, and E. Taglauer, Phys. Rev. B 24, 4118 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  58. H. H. Brongersma, N. Hazewindus, J. M. van Nieuwland, A. M. M. Otten, and A. J. Smets, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 49, 707 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  59. P. A. J. Ackermans, P. F. H. M. van der Meulen, H. Ottevanger, and H. H. Brongersma, Proceedings of the Symposium Surface Science, Kaprun, Austria, P. Varga and G. Betz, eds., Institut für Allgemeine Physik, Tu Wien, p. 165 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  60. H. A. Engelhardt, W. Bäck, D. Menzel, and H. Liebl, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 52, 835 (1981). H. A. Engelhardt, A. Zartner, and D. Menzel, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 52, 1161 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  61. T. M. Buck, G. H. Wheatley, G. L. Miller, D. A. H. Robinson, and Y.-S. Chen, Nucl. Instrum. Methods 149, 591 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  62. Y.-S. Chen, G. L. Miller, D. A. H. Robinson, G. H. Wheatley, and T. M. Buck, Surf. Sci. 62, 133 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  63. S. B. Luitjens, A. J. Aigra, E. P. Tb. M. Suurmeijer, and A. L. Boers, Appl. Phys. 21, 205 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  64. H. Niehus and G. Comsa, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. 815,122 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  65. J. W. Rabalais, J. A. Schultz, and R. Kumar, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. 218, 719 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  66. D. Rathmann, N. Exeler, and B. Willerding, J. Phys. E 18,17 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  67. R. Aratari, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. 834,493 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  68. H. Verbeek, W. Eckstein, and F. E. P. Matschke, J. Phys. E 10, 944 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  69. T. M. Buck, G. H. Wheatley, and L. 0Marchut, Phys. Rev. Lett. 51,43 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  70. E. Bøgh, in: Channeling, D. M. Morgan, ed., Wiley, London (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  71. A. G. J. de Wit, R. P. N. Bronckers, and J. M. Fluit, Surf. Sci. 82, 177 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  72. M. Aono, C. Oshima, S. Zaima, S. Otani, and Y. Ishizawa, Japn. J. Appl. Phys. 20, L829 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  73. H. Niehus and G. Comsa, Surf. Sci. 140, 18 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  74. B. J. J. Koeleman, S. T. de Zwart, A. L. de Boers, B. Poelsema, and L. K. Verheij, Nucl. Instrum. Methods 218, 225 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  75. W. Eckstein, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. 827,78 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  76. M. T. Robinson and I. M. Torrens, Phys. Rev. B 9, 5008 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  77. D. P. Jackson, W. Heiland, and E. Taglauer, Phys. Rev. B 24, 4189 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  78. B. J. Garrison, N. Winograd, C. T. Reimann, and D. E. Harrison, Jr., Phys. Rev. B 36, 3516 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  79. O. S. Oen, Surf. Sci. 131, L407 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  80. R. S. Daley, J. H. Huang, and R. S. Williams, Surf. Sci. 215,281 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  81. R. M. Tromp and J. F. van der Veen, Surf. Sci. 133, 159 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  82. D. S. Gemmel, Rev. Mod. Phys. 46, 129 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  83. W. H. Strehlow and D. P. Smith, Appl. Phys. Lett. 13,34 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  84. H. H. Brongersma and P. M. Mul, Chem. Phys. Lett. 14, 380 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  85. E. Taglauer, Appl. Surf. Sci. 13,80 (1982). R. Shimizu, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. 818, 486 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  86. N. Q. Lam and H. Wiedersich, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B18, 471 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  87. T. M. Buck, in: Chemistry and Physics of Solid Surfaces (R. Vanselow and R. Howe, eds.), p. 435, Springer, Berlin (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  88. H. Jeziorowski, H. Knözinger, E. Taglauer, and C. Vogdt, J. Catal. 80, 286 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  89. R. C. McCune, J. E. Chelgren, and M. A. Z. Wheeler, Surf. Sci. 84, L515 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  90. T. M. Thomas, H. Neumann, A. W. Czanderna, and J. R. Pitts, Surf. Sci. 175, L737 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  91. M. Aono and R. Souda, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B27, 55 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  92. R. Kelly, Surf. Interface Anal. 7, 1 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  93. B. Baretzky, E. Taglauer, W. Möller, and R. P. Schom, J. Nucl. Mater. 162-164,920 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  94. G. N. van Wyk, J. du Plessis, and E. Taglauer, Surf. Sci. (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  95. E. Taglauer and W. Heiland, Surf. Sci. 47,234 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  96. E. Taglauer and W. Heiland, Appl. Phys. 9, 261 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  97. E. Taglauer, W. Heiland and J. Onsgaard, Nucl. Instrum. Methods 168, 571 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  98. H. F. Winters and P. Sigmund, J. Appl. Phys. 45,4760 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  99. E. Taglauer, Appl. Phys. AS1, 238 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  100. E. Taglauer, Nucl. Fusion Special Issue (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  101. A. Koma, IPPJ-AM 22 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  102. M. Shelef, M. A. Z. Wheeler, and H. C. Yao, Surf. Sci. 47, 697 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  103. H. Knözinger, H. Jeziorowski, and E. Taglauer, in: Proceedings, 7th International Congress on Catalysis, p. 604, Elsevier-Kodansha, Amsterdam/Tokyo (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  104. R. L. Chin and D. M. Hercules, J. Phys. Chem. 86,360 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  105. B. A. Horrell and D. L. Cocke, Catal. Rev.-Sci. Eng. 29, 447 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  106. F. Delannay, E. N. Haeussler, and B. Delmon, J. Catal. 66, 469 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  107. P. Bertrand, J.-M. Beuken, and M. Delvaux, Nucl. Instrum. Methods 218, 249 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  108. R. Margraf, J. Leyrer, H. Knözinger, and E. Taglauer, Surf. Sci. 189/190,842 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  109. J. Leyrer, R. Margraf, E. Taglauer, and H. Knözinger, Surf. Sci. 201,603 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  110. H. Jeziorowski and H. Knözinger, J. Phys. Chem. 83, 1166 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  111. G. C. Nelson, J. Appl. Phys. 47, 1253 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  112. R. Margraf, H. Knözinger, and E. Taglauer, Surf. Sci. 211/212, 1083 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  113. A. C. Miller, A. W. Czandema, H. H. G. Jellinek, and H. Kachi, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 85, 244 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  114. J. R. Pitts, S. D. Bischke, J. L. Falconer, and A. W. Czandema, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A1, 1000 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  115. J. R. Pitts and A. W. Czandema, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B13, 245 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  116. H. Derks, H. Hemme, W. Heiland, and S. H. Overbury, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B23, 374 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  117. H. Hemme and W. Heiland, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B9, 41 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  118. W. Moritz and D. Wolf, Surf. Sci. 77, L29 (1979). W. Moritz and D. Wolf, Surf. Sci. 163, L655 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  119. N. Niehus and G. Comsa, Surf. Sci. 140, 18 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  120. H. Niehus, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. AS, 751 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  121. M. Aono, Y. Hou, C. Oshima, and Y. Ishizawa, Phys. Rev. Lett. 49,567 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  122. M. Aono, R. Souda, C. Oshima, and Y. Ishizawa, Phys. Rev. Lett. 51, 801 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  123. R. M. Tromp and E. J. van Loenen, Surf. Sci. 155,441 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  124. H. Niehus, Nucl. Instrum. Methods 833, 876 (1988). D. R. Mullins and S. H. Overbury, Surf. Sei. 199, 141 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  125. H. Niehus, Ch. Hiller and G. Comsa, Surf. Sci. 173, L599 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  126. W. Heiland and E. Taglauer, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 9,620 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  127. W. Heiland, F. Iberl, E. Taglauer, and D. Menzel, Surf. Sci. 53,383 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  128. H. Niehus and E. Bauer, Surf. Sci. 47,222 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  129. W. Englert, W. Heiland, E. Taglauer, and D. Menzel, Surf. Sci. 83,243 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  130. W. Heiland, W. Englert, and E. Taglauer, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 15,419 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  131. D. R. Mullins and S. H. Overbury, Surf. Sci. 193,455 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  132. T.-b. Fauster, H. Dürr, and D. Hartwig, Surf. Sci. 178,657 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  133. H. Niehus and G. Comsa, Surf. Sci. 93, L147 (1980); 102, L14 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  134. C. Somerton and D. A. King, Surf. Sci. 89,391 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  135. B. J. J. Koeleman, S. T. de Zwart, A. L. Boers, B. Poelsema, and L. K. Verheij, Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 1152 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  136. J. W. Rabalais, O. Grizzi, M. Shi, and H. Bu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 63,51 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  137. J. Schulz, Diploma Thesis, Technical University of Munich (1990), unpublished; J. Schulz, E. Taglauer, P. Feulner, and D. Menzel, Verhandl. DPG (VI) 25, 1166 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  138. J. A. Yarmoff, D. M. Cyr, J. H. Huang, S. Kim, and R. S. Williams, Phys. Rev. B 33, 3856 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  139. E. van de Riet, J. B. J. Smeets, J. M. Fluit, and A. Niehaus, Surf. Sci. 214, 111 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  140. J. A. van den Berg, L. K. Verheij, and D. G. Armour, Surf. Sci. 91,218 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  141. D. J. O’Connor, Surf. Sci. 173,593 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  142. M. Aono, R. Souda, C. Oshima, and Y. Ishizawa, Surf. Sci. 168,713 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  143. K. Sumitomo, K. Tanaka, Y. Izawa, I. Katayama, F. Shoji, K. Oura, and T. Hanawa, Appl. Surf. Sci. 41/42, 112 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  144. K. Oura, M. Katayama, F. Shoji, and T. Hanawa, Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 1486 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  145. J. H. Huang and R. S. Williams, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A6, 689 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  146. W. P. Ellis and R. R. Rye, Surf. Sci. 161,278 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  147. C. H. Patterson and T. M. Buck, Surf. Sci. 218, 431 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  148. H. Nakamatsu, A. Sudo, and S. Kawai, Surf. Sci. 223, 193 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  149. B. Poelsema, L. K. Verheij, and A. L. Boers, Nucl. Instrum. Methods 132, 623 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  150. D. J. Martin, Surf. Sci. 97,586 (1980). R. P. Walker and D. J. Martin, Surf. Sci. 118,659 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  151. R. Souda, M. Aono, C. Oshima, S. Otani, and Y. Ishizawa, Surf. Sci. 128, L236 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  152. G. Engelmann, E. Taglauer, and D. P. Jackson, Surf. Sci. 162,921 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  153. Th. Fauster, R. Schneider, H. Dürr, G. Engelmann, and E. Taglauer, Surf. Sci. 189/190, 610 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  154. J. P. Toennies, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A5, 440 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  155. P. Zeppenfeld, K. Kern, R. David, and G. Comsa, Phys. Rev. Lett. 62,63 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  156. J. W. M. Frenken and J. F. van der Veen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 134 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1991 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Taglauer, E. (1991). Ion Scattering Spectroscopy. In: Czanderna, A.W., Hercules, D.M. (eds) Ion Spectroscopies for Surface Analysis. Methods of Surface Characterization, vol 2. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3708-3_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3708-3_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-6649-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-3708-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics