Abstract
There is growing interest in acoustic nonlinearity since Muir and Carstensenl and Carstensen et al.2 questioned the assumption of linear propagation of ultrasound in biological media. Nonlinearity of the pressure-density relationship of a medium is measured quantitatively in terms of the B/A parameter, which is the ratio of the coefficients of quadratic and linear terms of a Taylor series used to express an equation of the state of a medium in terms of pressure and density. Because the parameter B/A can be used to characterize tissues, interest in measuring B/A has increased significantly.3,4,5,6,7
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
T. G. Muir and E. L. Carstensen, Prediction of nonlinear acoustic effects at biological frequencies and intensities, Ultrasound Med. Biol. 6:345–357 (1980).
E. L. Carstensen, W. K. Law, N. D. Mckay, and J. B. Muir, Demonstration of nonlinear acoustic effects at biological frequencies and intensities, Ultrasound Med. Biol. 6:359–368 (1980).
C. A. Cain, H. Nishiyama, and K. Katakura, On ultrasonic techniques for measurements of the nonlinear parameter B/A in fluid-like media, IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium Proc. pp. 885–888 (1986).
“Tissue Characterization with Ultrasound,” J. F. Greenleaf, ed., CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL (1986).
C. M. Sehgal, R. C. Bahn, and J. F. Greenleaf, Measurement of the acoustic nonlinearity parameter B/A in human tissues by a thermodynamic method, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 76(4):1023–1029 (1984).
C. M. Sehgal, G. M. Brown, R. C. Bahn, and J. F. Greenleaf, Measurement and use of acoustic nonlinearity and sound speed to estimate composition of excised livers, Ultrasound Med. Biol. 12:865–874 (1986).
R. L. Errabolu, C. M. Sehgal, R. C. Bahn, and J. F. Greenleaf, Measurement of ultrasonic nonlinear parameter in excised fat tissues, Ultrasound Med. Biol. 14:137–146 (1988).
N. Ichida, T. Sato, H. Miwa, and K. Murakami, Real-time nonlinear parameter tomography using impulsive pumping waves, IEEE Trans. Sonics Ultrasonics 31 (6):635–641 (1984).
N. Ichida, T. Sato, and M. Linzer, Imaging the nonlinear ultrasonic parameter of a medium, Ultrasonic Imaging 5:295–299 (1983).
Y. Nakagawa, W. Hon, C. Cai, N. Arnold, and G. Wade, Nonlinear parameter imaging with finite amplitude sound waves, IEEE 1986 Ultrasonics Symposium Proc. 86:901–904 (1986).
A. L. Thuras, R. T. Jenkins, and H T. O’Neil, Extraneous frequencies generated in air carrying intense sound waves, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 6:173–180 (1935).
F. Dunn, W. K. Law, and L. A. Frizzell, Nonlinear ultrasonic wave propagation in biological materials, IEEE 1981 Ultrasonic Symposium Proc. pp. 527–532 (1981).
W. N. Cobb, Finite amplitude method for the determination of the acoustic nonlinearity parameter B/A, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 73:1525–1532 (1983).
F. B. Hildebrand, “Methods of Applied Mathematics,” Prentice Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ (1965).
J. L. Rose and B. B. Goldberg, “Basic Physics in Diagnostic Ultrasound,” John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Sussex, England (1979).
Z. Zhu, M. S. Roos, W. N. Cobb, and K. Jensen, Determination of the acoustic nonlinearity parameter B/A from phase measurements, J. Acoust. Soc. Am.74:1518–1521 (1983).
P. D. Edmonds, “Methods of Experimental Physics,” Academic Press, New York (1981).
L. W. Couch, II, “Digital and Analog Communication Systems,” Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., New York (1983).
A. V. Oppenheim and R. W. Schafer, “Digital Signal Processing,” Prentice Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, CA (1975).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1991 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kim, D., Nicholson, J.A., Greenleaf, J.F., Sehgal, C.M. (1991). Least Squares Estimation and Imaging Using Phase and Frequency Measurements of the Nonlinear Parameter B/A. In: Lee, H., Wade, G. (eds) Acoustical Imaging. Acoustical Imaging, vol 18. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3692-5_33
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3692-5_33
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-6641-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-3692-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive