Abstract
“In 1927, Gray, Honon and Mathes [1J gave the first full theoretical discussion of the inflUence of waveband restriction on the quality of television pictures, and were able to.fix the minimum waveband requirements in advance, long before the first high-definition system was realized.”
D. Gabor, “Theory of Communication,” Journal of the IEE, 1946 [2]
Multiresolution decompositions for video coding are reviewed. Both nonrecursive and recursive coding schemes are considered. In nonrecursive schemes, it is shown that pyramid structures have certain advantages over subband or wavelet techniques, and a specific spatiotemporal pyramid coding of HDTV is discussed in some detail. It is shown that recursive, DPCM like schemes will incur a slight loss of optimality due to a restricted form of prediction if multiresolution decomposition with compatible decoding is required. Compatibility and transmission issues are also discussed. Multiresolution transmission for digital broadcast TV is introduced. This, when combined with multiresolution source coding, achieves spectrum efficiency, robustness and graceful degradation under channel impairments.
Work supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grants ECD-88-11111, MIP-90-14189 and Bell Communications Research.
Work supported by the National Science Foundation under grants ECD-88-11111. K.M. Uz is now with David Sarnoff Research Center in Princeton, NJ 08543.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
F. Gray, J.W. Horton, and C.R. Mathes, “The Production and Utilization of Television Signals,” Bell systems Technical Journal, vol. 6, 1927, p. 560.
D. Gabor, “Theory of Communication,” Journal of the 1EE, vol. 93, 1946, pp. 429–457.
D. Anastassiou and M. Vetterli, “Television by the Bit,” IEEE Circuits and Devices Magazine, vol. 7, 1991, pp. 16–21.
Motion Picture Expert Group, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG8, CCITT SGVm. “Coded Representation of Picture and Audio Information,” MPEG video simulation model two, 1990.
D. LeGall, “MPEG, a Video Compression Standard for Multimedia Applications,” Transactions of the Association of Computing Machinery, vol. 34, 1991, pp. 46–58.
K.M. Uz, M. Vetterli, and D. LeGall, “Interpolative Multiresolution Coding of Advanced Television with Compatible Subchannels,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, Special Issue on Signal Processing for Advanced Television, vol. 1, pp. 86–99, 1991.
F. Campbell and D. Green, “Optical and Retina Factors Affecting Visual Resolution,” Journal of Physiology, vol. 181, 1965, pp. 576–593.
S. Mallat, “Multifrequency Channel Decompositions of Images and Wavelet Models,” IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, vol. 37, 1989, pp. 2091–2110.
P.J. Burt and E.H. Adelson, “The Laplacian Pyramid as a Compact Image Code,” IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. 31, 1983, pp. 532–540.
W.H.R. Equitz, “Successive Refinement of Information,” Ph.D. Thesis, Stanford University, 1989.
A. Rosenfeld, ed., Multiresolution Techniques in Computer Vision, New York: Springer, 1980.
I. Daubechies, “Orthonormal Bases of Compactly Supported Wavelets,” Communications in Pure and Applied Mathematics, vol. 41, 1988, pp. 909–996.
S. Mallat, “A Theory of Multiresolution Signal Decomposition: The Wavelet Representation,” IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 11, 1989, pp. 674–693.
O. Rioul, “A Unifying Multiresolution Theory for the Discrete Wavelet Transform, Regular Filter Banks and Pyramid Transforms,” to appear, IEEE Transactions in Signal Processing.
A.K. Jain, Fundamentals of Image Processing, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1989.
P.P. Vaidyanathan, “Quadrature Mirror Filter Banks, M-band Extensions and Perfect-Reconstruction Technique,” IEEE Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 4, 1987, pp. 4–20.
P. Cassereau, “A New Class of Optimal Unitary Transforms for Image Processing,” S.M. Thesis, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985.
M. Vetterli and D. LeGall, “Perfect Reconstruction FIR Filter Banks: Some Properties and Factorizations,” IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 37, 1989, pp. 1057–1071.
M. Vetterli, “Multirate Filter Banks for Subband Coding,” in Subband Image Coding, (J.W. Woods, ed.), Boston, Kluwer, 1990, pp. 43–100.
M. Vetterli, “Multi-Dimensional Sub-Band Coding: Some Theory and Algorithms,” Signal Processing, vol. 6, 1984, pp. 97–112.
J.W. Woods and S.D. O’Neil, “Sub-band Coding of Images,” IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. ASSP-34, 1986, pp. 1278–1288.
G. Karlsson and M. Vetterli, “Three Dimensional Sub-band Coding of Video,” Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1988, pp. 1100–1103.
W.F. Schreiber and A. Lippman, “Single Channel HDTV Systems, Compatible and Noncompatible,” in Signal Processing of HDTV, (L. Chiariglione, ed.) Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1988.
J.W. Woods and T. Naveen, “Subband Encoding of Video Sequences,” Proceedings of the SPIE Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing, 1989, pp. 724–732.
G. Karlsson and M. Vetterli, “Packet Video and Its Integration into the Network Architecture,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Special Issue on Packet Speech and Video, vol. 7, 1989, pp. 739–751.
G. Karlsson and M. Vetterli, “Theory of Two-Dimensional Multirate Filter Banks,” IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 38, 1990, pp. 925–937.
E. Viscito and J. Allebach, “The Analysis and Design of Multidimensional FIR Perfect Reconstruction Filter Banks for Arbitrary Sampling Lattices,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems, vol. 38, 1991, pp. 29–42.
M. Vetterli, J. Kovacevic, and D. LeGall, “Perfect Reconstruction Filter Banks for HDTV Representation and Coding,” Image Communication, vol. 2, 1990, pp. 349–364.
M. Antonini, M. Barlaud, P. Mathieu, and I. Daubechies, “Image Coding Using Vector Quantization in the Wavelet Transform Domain,” Proceedings of the IEEE ICASSP, Albuquerque, NM, 1990, pp. 2297–2300.
M. Vetterli and C. Herley, “Wavelets and Filter Banks: Theory and Design,” to appear, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Sept. 1992.
R.R. Coifman, Y. Meyer, S. Quake, and M.V. Wickerhauser, “Signal Processing and Compression with Wavelet Packets,” Department of Mathematics, Yale University, preprint, 1990.
M.V. Wickerhauser, “Acoustic Signal Compression with Wave Packets,” Department of Mathematics, Yale University, preprint, 1989.
P.A. Chou, T. Lookabaugh, and R.M. Gray, “Optimal Pruning with Applications to Tree-Structured Source Coding and Modeling,” IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 35, 1989, pp. 299–315.
E.A. Riskin and R.M. Gray, “A Greedy Tree Growing Algorithm for the Design of Variable Rate Vector Quantizers,” in Proceedings of the Picture Coding Symposium, Boston, 1990, pp. 11.4.1–11.4.3.
E.A. Riskin, “Optimal Bit Allocation via the Generalized BFOS Algorithm,” IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 37, 1991, pp. 400–402.
D. Anastassiou, “Generalized Three-Dimensional Pyramid Coding for HDTV Using Nonlinear Interpolation,” in Proceedings of the Picture Coding Symposium, Cambridge, MA, 1990, pp. 1.2–1–1.2–2.
M. Bierling, “Displacement Estimation by Hierarchical Blockmatching,” SPIE Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing, Boston, 1988, pp. 942–951.
K.M. Uz, M. Vetterli, and D. LeGall, “A Multiresolution Approach to Motion Estimation and Interpolation with Application to Coding of Digital HDTV,” Proceedings of the IEEE ISCAS, New Orleans, 1990, pp. 1298–1301.
Y. Shoham and A. Gersho, “Efficient Bit Allocation for an Arbitrary Set of Quantizers,” IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 36, 1988, pp. 1445–1453.
P.H. Westerink, J. Biemond, and D.E. Boekee, “An Optimal Bit Allocation Algorithm for Subband Coding,” Proceedings of the ICASSP-88, New York, 1988, pp. 757–760.
Joint Photographic Expert Group, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG8, CCITT SGVIII. JPEG technical specification, revision 5, January 1990.
R.J. Safranek and I.D. Johnston, “A Perceptually Tuned Subband Image Coder with Image Dependent Quantization and Postquantization Data Compression,” Proceedings of the ICASSP-89, Glasgow, 1989, pp. 945–194.
A. Gersho and R.M. Gray, Vector Quantization and Signal Compression, Boston: Kluwer, 1992.
N. Jayant and P. Noll, Digital Coding of Waveforms, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1984.
A.N. Netravali and B.G. Haskell, Digital Pictures: Representation and Compression, New York: Plenum Press, 1988.
H. Gharavi, “Subband Coding of Video Signals,” in Subband Image Coding, (J.W. Woods, ed.), Boston: Kluwer, 1990.
H.-M. Hang, R. Leonardi, B.G. Haskell, R.L. Schmidt, H. Bheda, and J. Othmer, “Digital HDTV Compression at 44 mbps Using Parallel Motion-Compensated Transform Coders,” in Proceedings of the SPIE Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing, vol. 1360, Lausanne, Switzerland, 1990, pp. 1756–1772.
J. Mau “HDTV/TV Compatible Codec with PQMF Filter Bank,” Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on HDTV, Torino, Italy, 1991.
K. Shinamura, Y. Hayashi, and F. Kishino, “Variable Bitrate Coding Capable of Compensating for Packet Loss,” Proceedings of the SPIE Conference on Visual Communications and Image Processing, 1988, pp. 991–998.
M. Ghanbari, “An Adaptive Video Codec for ATM Networks,” Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Packet Video, Morristown, NJ, 1990.
F.-M. Wang and D. Anastassiou, “High-Quality Coding of the Even Fields Based on the Odd Fields of Interlaced Video Sequences,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems, vol. 38, 1991, pp. 140–142.
R.E. Blahut, Theory and Practice of Error Control Codes, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1984.
T.H. Chiang, R. Mokry, A. Eleftheriadis, W.B. Yu, and D. Anastassiou, “Compatible Coding of Digital Interlaced HDTV Using Prediction of the Even Fields from the Odd Fields,” Proceedings of the Fourth International HDTV Workshop, Torino, Italy, 1991.
K.M. Uz, K. Ramchandran, and M. Vetterli, “Multiresolution Source and Channel Coding for Digital Broadcast of HDTV,” Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on HDTV, Torino, Italy, 1991.
W.F. Schreiber, “Considerations in the Design of HDTV Systems for Terrestrial Broadcasting,” Electronic Imaging ′90, Boston, 1990.
W.F. Schreiber, “All-Digital HDTV Terrestrial Broadcasting in the US: Some Problems and Possible Solutions,” presented at Workshop on Advanced Television, ENST Paris, 1991.
T. Cover, “Broadcast Channels,” IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. IT-18, 1972, pp. 2–14.
A. ElGamal and T. Cover, “Multiuser Information Theory,” Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 68, 1980, pp. 1466–1483.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1992 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Vetterli, M., Uzf, K.M. (1992). Multiresolution Coding Techniques for Digital Television: A Review. In: Sicuranza, G.L., Mitra, S.K. (eds) Multidimensional Processing of Video Signals. The Springer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science, vol 171. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3616-1_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3616-1_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-6607-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-3616-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive