Abstract
Of the different organic anions which are often present a high concentrations in plants, malate plays a central role. Plants exhibiting crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) fix CO2 with the enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase during the night and accumulate large amounts of malic acid. During the light period, malic acid is decarboxylated and the released CO2 is fixed in the Calvin cycle. C4 plants fix CO2 in the mesophyll in a similar reaction during the day, as CAM in the dark. In these plants, malate is transferred to the bundle sheaths, decarboxylated and the CO2 fixed in the photosynthetic reaction. This reaction enables the plant to fix CO2 more efficiently, since the affinity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase to HCO3 - is much higher than that of ribulose-1,5- diphosphate carboxylase to CO2. Diurnal fluctuations of malate can also be observed in C3 plants. However, in these plants malate is accumulated during the day and used as an energy source for respiration in the dark (Winter, Usuda, Tsuzuki, Schmitt, Edwards, Thomas, and Evert, 1982; Gerhardt, Stitt, and Heldt, 1987). Malate metabolism and accumulation also play an important role during the opening of stomata since, in most plants, malate is used for balancing K+ (Schnabl and Kottmeier, 1984). Other prominent organic acids often accumulated at high concentrations in plants include shikimic acid, which is present mainly in gymnosperms and some woody angiosperms, as well as gallic, oxalic and citric acid.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Amrhein, N., Schneebeck, D., Skorupka, H., Tophof, S., and Stöckigt, J., 1981. Identification of a major metabolite of the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid in higher plants. Naturwissenschaften, 68, 619–620.
Blom-Zandstra, M., Koot, H.T.M., Hattum, J., and Borstlap, A.C., 1990. Interactions of uptake of malate and nitrate into isolated vacuoles from lettuce leaves. Planta, 183, 10–16.
Bouyssou, H., Canut, H., and Marigo, G., 1990. A reversible carrier mediates the transport of malate at the tonoplast of Catharanthus roseus ells. FEBS Letters, 275, 73–76.
Bouzayen, M., Latche, A., Alibert, G., and Pech, J.C., 1989. Carrier mediated uptake of 1(malonylamino)cyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid in vacuoles isolated from Catharanthus roseus cells. Plant Physiology, 91, 1317–1322.
Buser, C., and Matile, P., 1977. Malic acid in vacuoles isolated from Bryophyllum leaf cells. Zeitschrifl fiir Pflanzenphysiologie, 82, 462–466.
Buser-Sutter, C., Wiemken, A., and Matile, P., 1981. A malic acid permease in isolated vacuoles of a crassulacean acid metabolism plant. Plant Physiology, 69, 456–459.
Coyaud, L., Kurkdjian, A., Kado, R., and Hedrich, R., 1987. Ion channels and ATP-driven pumps involved in ion transport across the tonoplast of sugar beet vacuoles. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 902, 263–268.
Flügge, U.I., and Heldt, H.W., 1977. Specific labelling of a protein involved in phosphate transport of chloroplasts by pyridoxal-5-phosphate. FEBS Letters, 82, 29–33.
Gerhardt, R., Sti1t, M., and Heldt, H.W., 1987. Subcellular metabolite levels in spinach leaves. Plant Physiology, 83, 399–407.
Grob, K., and Matile, P., 1980. Compartmentation of ascorbic acid in vacuoles of horseradish root cells. Note on vacuolar peroxidase. Zeitschrii flir Pflanzenphysiologie, 98, 235–243.
Hedrich, R., Flügge, U.I., and Fernandez, J.M., 1986. Patch-clamp studies of ion transport in isolated plant vacuoles. FEBS Letters, 204, 228–232.
Holländer-Czytko, H., and Amrhein, N., 1983. Subcellular compartmentation of shikimic acid and phenylalanine in buckwheat cell suspension cultures grown in the presence of shikimate pathway inhibitors. Plant Science Letters, 29, 89–96.
Kaiser, G., Martinoia, E., and Wiemken, A., 1982. Rapid appearance of photosynthetic products in the vacuoles isolated from barley mesophyll protoplasts by a new fast method. Zeitschrh far Pflanzenphysiologie, 107, 103–113.
Kaiser, G., Martinoia, E., Schröppel-Meier, G., and Heber, U., 1989. Active transport of sulfate into the vacuole of plant cells provides halotolerance and can detoxify SO2. Journal of Plant Physiology, 133, 756–763.
Kaiser, W., and Förster, J., 1989. Low CO, prevents nitrate reduction in leaves. Plant Physiology, 91, 970–974.
Kästner, K.H., and Sze, H., 1987. Potential-dependent anion transport in tonoplast vesicles from oat roots. Plant Physiology, 83, 483–489.
Lüttge, U., Smith, J.A.C., Marigo, G., and Osmond, C.B., 1981. Energetics of malate accumulation in the vacuoles of Kalanchoe tubiflora cells. FEBS Letters, 126, 81–84.
Lüttge, U., and Smith, J.A.C., 1984. Mechanism of passive malic-acid efflux from vacuoles of the CAM plant Kalanchoe daigremontiana. Journal of Membrane Biology, 81, 149–158.
Lüttge, U., 1988. Day-night changes of citric-acid levels in crassulacean acid metabolism: phenomenon and ecophysiological significant. Plant Cell and Environment, 11, 445–451.
Marigo, C., Couyssou, H., and Belkoura, M. 1985. Vacuolar efflux of malate and its influence on nitrate accumulation in Catharanthus roseus cells. Plant Science, 39, 97–103.
Marigo, G., Bouyssou, H., and Laborie, D., 1988. Evidence for malate transport into vacuoles isolated from Catharanthus roseus cells. Botanica Acta, 101, 187–191.
Marin, B., Cretin, H., and D’auzac, J., 1982. Energisation of solute transport and accumulation at the tonoplast in Hevea latex. Physiologie Vegetate, 20, 333–346.
Marquardt-Jarczyk, G, and Luttge, U., 1990. Anion transport at the tonoplast of mesophyll cells of the CAM plant Kalanchoe daigremontiana. Journal of Plant Physiology, 136, 129–136.
Martinoia, E., Heck. U., and Wiemken, A., 1981. Vacuoles as storage compartments of nitrate in barley leaves. Nature, 289, 292–294.
Martinoia, E., Flügge, U.I., Kaiser, G., Heber, U., and Heldt, H.W., 1985. Energy-dependent uptake of malate into vacuoles isolated from barley mesophyll photoplasts. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 806, 311–319.
Martinoia, E., Vogt, E., and Amrhein, N., 1990. Transport of malate and chloride into barley mesophyll vacuoles. Different carriers are involved. FEBS Letters, 261, 109–111.
Martinoia, E., Vogt, E., Rentsch, D., and Amrhein, N., 1991. Functional reconstitution of the malate carrier of barley mesophyll vacuoles in liposomes. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1062, 271–278.
Nishida, K., and Tominaga, P., 1987. Energy-dependent uptake of malate into vacuoles isolated from CAM plants Kalanchoe daigremontiana. Journal of Plant Physiology, 127, 385–393.
Oleski, N.M Mahdavi, P., and Bennett, A.B., 1987. Transport properties of the tomato fruit tonoplast. II. Citrate transport. Plant Physiology, 84, 997–1000.
Pope, A.J., and Leigh, R.A., 1987. Some characteristics of anion transport at the tonoplast of oat roots, determined from the effects of anions on pyrophosphate-dependent proton transport. Planta, 172, 91–100.
Rea, P.A., and Sanders, E., 1987. Tonoplast energisation: two H+ pumps, one membrane. Physiologia Plantarum, 71, 131–141.
Rentsch, D., and Martinoia, E., 1991. Citrate transport into barley mesophyll vacuoles - comparison with malate uptake activity. Planta, 184, 532–537.
Schnabl, H., and Kottmeier, C., 1984. Determination of malate levels during the swelling of vacuoles isolated from guard-cell protoplasts. Planta, 161, 27–31.
Sze, H., 1985. H+-translocating ATPases: advances using membrane vesicles. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 36, 175–208.
Tophof, S., Martinoia, E., Kaiser, G., Hartung, W., and Amrhein, N., 1989. Compartmentation and transport of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid and N-malonyl-1aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid in barley and wheat mesophyll cells and protoplasts. Plant Physiology, 75, 333–339.
White, P.J., and Smith, J.A.C., 1989. Proton and anion transport at the tonoplast in crassulacean-acidmetabolism plants: specificity of the malate-influx system in Kalanchoe daigremontiana. Planta, 179, 265–274.
Winter, K., Usuda, H., Tsuzuki, M., Schmitt, M., Edwards, G.E., Thomas, R.J., and Evert, R.F., 1982. Influence of nitrate nand ammonia on photosynthetic characteristics and leaf anatomy of Moricandia arvensis. Plant Physiology, 70, 615–625.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1992 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Martinoia, E., Rentsch, D. (1992). Uptake of Malate and Citrate into Plant Vacuoles. In: Cooke, D.T., Clarkson, D.T. (eds) Transport and Receptor Proteins of Plant Membranes. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3442-6_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3442-6_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-6523-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-3442-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive