Abstract
Aiming at continuous polarographic measurement of the mean pO2 in the rabbit brain cortex before, during and after photochemically induced infarction, we designed and constructed monopolar platinum oxygen electrodes of the open type for chronical implantation. The measuring tip (length 1 mm, diameter 0.1 mm) is covered with a homogenous membrane of cellulose acetate. The electrode currents are measured by a four-channel amplifier of proper design; the device permits accurate and stable polarisation, identical for each channel. Moreover, a calibration device has been constructed. It consists of a Buchner funnel filled with Ringer solution and mounted in a temperature-controlled bath. In order to create a specific partial pressure of oxygen in the calibration chamber, predetermined gasmixtures are bubbled through the solution using computer controlled mass flow regulators. The calibration device thus pennits the determination of primary and secondary electrode parameters, i.e. linearity, oxygen sensitivity and residual current, and polarisation dependency, temperature dependency, sensitivity to CO2, electrode stability, dynamic behaviour and oxygen consumption.
Three groups, each of them containing ten electrodes, have been tested with regard to electrode parameters : the first group contains bare electrodes, the second and the third group contain membrane covered electrodes, with a membrane thickness of 10 and 20 µm respectively. In order to evaluate acute and long-term effects of implantation on the brain cortical tissue and on the sensors’ measuring qualities, electrodes have been implanted for different time periods (51 days, 30 days, 9 days, 5 min). pO2 was recorded regularly and polarograms have been registered. The effects on cortical tissue have been studied with the aid of light microscopy.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Baumgärtl, H., and Lübbers, D. W., 1983, Microaxial needle sensor for polarographic measurement of local O2 pressure in the cellular range of living tissue. Its construction and properties, in: “Polarographic Oxygen Sensors”, Gnaiger and Forstner, eds., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 37–65.
Beran, A. V., Shigezawa, G. Y., Whiteside, D. A., Yeung, H. N., and Huxtable, R. F., 1978, In vitro evaluations of monopolar intravascular oxygen sensors, J. Appl. Physiol.: Respirat. Environ. Exercise Physiol., 44(6): 969–973.
Clark, L. C., 1956, Monitor and control of blood and tissue oxygen tensions, Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Intern. Organs, 2: 41–48.
Fennema, M., Wessel, J. N., Faithfull, N. S., and Erdmann, W., 1989, Tissue oxygen tension in the cerebral cortex of the rabbit, in: “Oxygen transport to tissue XI”, K. Rakusan, G. P. Biro, T. K. Goldstick and Z. Turek, eds., Plenum Press, New York and London, 451–460.
Hahn, A. W., Nichols, M. F., Sharma, A. K., and Hellmuth, E. W., 1981, Glow discharge polymer coated oxygen sensors, Polymer Science and Technology, 14: 85–96.
Hale, J. M., 1983, Factors influencing the stability of polarographic oxygen sensors, in: “Polarographic Oxygen Sensors”, Gnaiger and Forstner, eds., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 3–17.
Hitchman, M. L., 1983, Calibration and accuracy of polarographic oxygen sensors, in: “Polarographic Oxygen Sensors”, Gnaiger and Forstner, eds., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 18–30.
Proctor, K. G., and Bohlen, H. G., 1979, Tonometer for calibration and evaluation of oxygen microelectrodes, J. Appl. Physiol.: Respirat. Envir. Exercise Physiol., 46(5): 1016–1018.
Schmidt, E. M., McIntosh, J. S., and Bak, M. J., 1988, Long-term implants of paralyne-C coated microelectrodes, Med. & Biol. Eng. & Comput., 26: 96–101.
Shek, J. W., Wen, G. Y., and Wisniewski, H. M., 1986, Atlas of the rabbit brain and spinal cord, Karger, Basel.
Siesjö, B. K., 1978, Brain energy metabolism, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.
Silver, I. A., 1966, The measurement of oxygen tension in tissue, in: “Oxygen measurements in blood and tissues and their significance”, J. P. Payne and D. W. Hill, eds., Churchill, London, 135–145.
Tomida, S., Wagner, H. G., Klatzo, I., and Nowak, T. S. Jr., 1989, Effect of acute electrode placement on regional CBF in the gerbil: a comparison of blood flow measured by hydrogen clearance, [3H]nicotine, and [14C]iodoantipyrlne techniques, J. of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 9: 79–86.
van Rossem, K., Vermariën, R., Jacqueloot, J., and Bourgain, R., 1989, Continuous sensing of oxygen tension in rabbit brain cortical tissue during and after photochemically induced infarction, Proceedings V Mediterranean Conf Med. Biol. Eng., Patras, 190–191.
Watson, B. D., Dietrich, W. D., Busto, R., Wachtel, M. S., and Ginsberg, M. D., 1985, Induction of reproducible brain infarction by photochemically initiated thrombosis, Ann. Neurol., 17: 497–504.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1992 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
van Rossem, K., Vermariën, H., Bourgain, R. (1992). Construction, Calibration and Evaluation of pO2 Electrodes for Chronical Implantation in the Rabbit Brain Cortex. In: Goldstick, T.K., McCabe, M., Maguire, D.J. (eds) Oxygen Transport to Tissue XIII. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 316. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3404-4_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3404-4_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-6504-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-3404-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive