Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

AIDS and Women’s Reproductive Health pp 73–84Cite as

The Public Health Significance of Sexually Transmitted Diseases for HIV Infection in Africa

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Reproductive Biology ((RBIO))

Abstract

In sub-Saharan Africa, the primary mode of transmission of HIV is through heterosexual intercourse. Numerous studies, both retrospective (1-13) and prospective (14-16), have demonstrated a relationship between sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and HIV infection. Initially, it was thought that STDs might just be markers of high-risk sexual behavior. It is now postulated that STDs are co-factors in facilitating the sexual transmission of HIV. As a result, scientists and public health officials have called for the urgent enhancement of existing STD programs, or implementation of new programs, as an important strategy in AIDS prevention.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Dielly SA, Shao JF, Mbena E, Mhalu FS. Relationship between infection with HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases among patients attending a referral clinic for sexually transmitted diseases. III International Conference on AIDS and Associated Cancers in Africa, Arusha, Tanzania, September 1988; Abstract W5.1.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Kreiss JK, Koech D, Plummer FA, Holmes KK, Lightfoote M, Piot P, Ronald AR, Ndinya-Achola, D’Costa LJ, Roberts P, Ngugi E, Quinn TC. AIDS virus infection in Nairobi prostitutes—Spread of the epidemic to East Africa. N Engl J Med 1986; 314:414–418.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Nsubuga P, Mugerwa R, Nsibambi J, Sewankambo N, Katabira E, Berkley S. The association of genital ulcer disease and HIV infection in attendees at a dermatology/STD clinic in Uganda. J Acq Imm Def Synd 1990; 3:1002–1005.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Simonsen JN, Cameron DW, Gakinya MN, Ndinya-Achola JO, D’Costa LJ, Karasira P, Cheang M, Ronald AR, Piot P, Plummer FA. Human immunodeficiency virus infection among men with sexually transmitted diseases, experience from a center in Africa. N Engl J Med 1988; 319:274–278.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Ryder RW, Ndilu M, Hassig SE, Kamenga M, Sequeira D, Kashamuka M, Francis H, Behets F, Colebunders RL, Dopagne A, Kambale R, Heyward W. Heterosexual transmission of HIV-1 among employees and their spouses at two large businesses in Zaire. AIDS 1990; 4:725–732.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Greenblatt RM, Lukehart SA, Plummer FA et al. Genital ulceration as a risk factor for human immunodeficiency virus infection. AIDS 1988; 2:47–50.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Hunter D, Maggwa A, Mati J, Tukei P, Solomon M, Mbugua S, Bhullar V, Mohammedali Y. Risk Factors for HIV infection among women in a low risk population in Nairobi, Kenya. VI International Conference on AIDS, San Francisco, California, June 1990; Abstract Th.C.573.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Piot P, Plummer FA, Rey MA, Ngugi EN, Rouzioux C, Ndinya–Achola JO, Veracauteren G, D’Costa LJ, Laga M, Nsanze H, Fransen L, Haase D, van der Groen G, Brunham RC, Ronald AR, Brun–Vezinet F. Retrospective seroepidemiology of AIDS virus infection in Nairobi populations. J Infect Dis 1987; 155:1108–1112.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Van de Pene P, Le Polain B, Camel M, Nzaramba D, Zissis G, Butzler JP. HIV antibodies in a remote rural area in Rwanda, Centeral Africa: An analysis of potential risk factors for human HIV seropositivity. AIDS 1987; 1:213–215.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Berkley SF, Widy-wirski R, Okware SI, Downing R, Linnan MJ, White KE, Sempala S. Risk factors associated with HIV infection in Uganda. J Infect Dis 1989:160;22–30.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Konde-Lule J, Berkley SF, Downing R. Knowledge, attitudes and practices concerning AIDS in Ugandans. AIDS 1989; 3:513–518.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Mhalu F, Bredberg-Raden U, Mbena E, Pallangyo K, Kiango J, Mbise R, Nyamuryekunge K, Biberfeld G. Prevalence of HIV infection in healthy subjects and groups of patients in Tanzania. AIDS 1987; 1:217–221.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Van de Perre P, Camel M, Nzaramba D, Zissis G, Kayihigi J, Butzler J-R Risk factors for HIV seropositivity in selected urban based Rwandese adults. AIDS 1987 1:207–211.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Cameron DW, Simonsen JN, D’Costa LJ, Ronald AR, Maitha GM, Gakinya MN, Cheang M, Ndinya-Achola JO, Piot P, Brunham RC, Plummer FA. Female to male transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1: Risk factors for seroconversion in men. Lancet 1989; ií:403–407.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Ndinya-achola JO, Cameron W, Simonsen N, Maitha MG, Kreiss J, Waiyaki P, Ronald A, Ngugi E. Co-factors in male-female transmission of HIV III International Conference on AIDS and Associated Cancers in Africa, Arusha, Tanzania, September 1988; Abstract W.P.45.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Laga M, Nzila N, Manoka AT, Malele M, Bush TJ, Behets F, Heyward WL, Piot P, Ryder R. Non-ulcerative sexually transmitted diseases (STD) as risk factors for HIV infection. VI International Conference on AIDS, San Francisco, California, June 1990; Abstract Th.C.97.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Pepin J, Plummer FA, Brunham RC, Piot P, Cameron DW, Ronald AR. Editorial Review: The interaction of HIV infection and other sexually transmitted diseases: an opportunity for intervention. AIDS 1989; 3:3–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Wasserheit JN. Epidemiological Synergy: Interrelationships between HIV infection and other STDs. Chapter 6 in this volume.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Consensus statement from consultation on sexually transmitted diseases as a risk factor for HIV transmission. Global Programme on AIDS and Programme of STD, World Health Organization, 1989, Geneva, Switzerland; WHO/GPA/INF/89.1.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Mertens TE, Hayes RJ, Smith PG. Epidemiologic methods to study the interaction between HIV infection and other sexually transmitted diseases. AIDS 1990; 4:57–65.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Piot P, Van Dyck E, Ryder RW, Nzila N, Laga M. Serum antibody to Haemophilus Ducreyi as a risk factor for HIV infection in Africa. V International Conference on AIDS, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 1989; Abstract M.A.O.32.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Luyeye M, Gerniers M, Lebughe N, Behets F, Nzila N, Edidi B, Laga M. Prevalence et facterus de risque pour les MST chez les femmes enceintes dans les soins de sante primaries a Kinshasa. VI International Conference on AIDS, San Francisco, California, June 1990; Abstract T.P.C.6.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Hudson CP, Hennis AJ, Kataaha P et al. Risk factors for the spread of AIDS in rural Africa: evidence from a comparative seroepidemiological survey of AIDS, hepatitis B and syphilis in southwestern Uganda. AIDS 1988; 2:255–60.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. DaCosta LJ, Plummer FA, Bowmer I et al. Prostitutes are the major reservoir of sexually transmitted diseases in Nairobi, Kenya. Sexually Transmitted Diseases 1985; 12:64–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Mabey DC. Syphilis in sub-Saharan Africa. Afr J Sex Transm Dis 1986; 2:61–64.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Nzila N, Laga M, Bomboko B, Behets F, Hassig SE, Ryder R. STD prevention program in a cohort of prostitutes, Kinshasa, Zaire. III International Conference on AIDS and Associated Cancers in Africa, Arusha, Tanzania, September 1988; Abstract P.S.7.4.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Jama H, Ismail SO, Isse A, Omar K, Lidbrink P, Bygdeman S. Genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in pregnant women and female prostitutes in Magadishu, Somalia The African Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases 1987; 3:17–20.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Watson PA. The use of screening tests for sexually transmitted diseases in a Third World community-a feasibility study in Malawi. European Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases 1985; 2:63–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Hira SK. Sexually transmitted disease-a menace to mother and children. World Health Forum 1986; 7:243–7.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Liljestrand J, Bergstrom S, Nieuwenhuis F, Hederstedt B. Syphilis in pregnant women in Mozambique. Genitourinary Medicine 1985; 61:355–358.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Mabey DC, Lloyd-Evans NE, Conten S, Forsey T. Sexually transmitted diseases among randomly selected attenders at an antenatal clinic in the Gambia. Br J Vener Dis 1984; 60:331–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Arya OP, Nsanzumuhire H, Taber SR. Clinical, cultural and demographic aspects of gonorrhea in a rural community in Uganda. Bull WHO 1973; 49:587–95.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Ratham AV, Din SN, Chatterjee TK. Gonococcal infection in women with pelvic inflammatory disease in Lusaka, Zambia. Am J Obster Gynecol 1980; 138:965–8

    Google Scholar 

  34. Urassa EJ. Some aspects of sexually transmitted diseases in obstetrics and gynecology. Proceedings of the Symposium on Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Dar es Salaam, September 17, 1985, 23–28.

    Google Scholar 

  35. LeClerc A, Frost E, Collet M, Goeman J, Bedjabaga L. Urogenital chlamydia trachomatis in Gabon: an unrecognized epidemic. Genitourin Med 1988; 64:308–311.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Laga M, Plummer F, Nsanze H, Epidemiology of ophthalmia neonatorum in Kenya. Lancet 1986; ii:1145–1148.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Nsanze H, Fast MV, DaCosta U, Tukei P, Curran J Ronald A. Genital ulcers in Kenya. Clinical and laboratory study. Br J Vener Dis 1981; 57:378–381.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Plummer FA, D’Costa LJ, Nsanze H, Karasira P, Maclean IW, Piot P, Ronald AR. Clinical and microbiologic studies of genital ulcers in Kenyan women. Sexually Transmitted Diseases 1985; 42:193–197.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Mbuga G, Kimata J, Maina J, Khamala J, Oogo S, Mutuura C, Muthami L, Miriti S, Achola P, Waiyaki PG. Prevalence of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STD) in Nairobi. III International Conference on AIDS and Associated Cancers in Africa, Arusha, Tanzania, September 14–16, 1988; Abstract W 5.2.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Walter SD. Calculation of attributable risks from epidemiologic data. International Journal of Epidemiology 1978; 7:175–182.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Berkley S. Population attributable risk of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in HIV infection. V International Conference on AIDS, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 1989; Abstract Th.G.O.14.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Rockefeller Foundation, USA

    Seth Berkley

Authors
  1. Seth Berkley
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Lincoln C. Chen

  2. Ministry of Public Health, Government of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico

    Jaime Sepulveda Amor

  3. The Population Council, New York, New York, USA

    Sheldon J. Segal

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1991 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Berkley, S. (1991). The Public Health Significance of Sexually Transmitted Diseases for HIV Infection in Africa. In: Chen, L.C., Amor, J.S., Segal, S.J., Anderson, J.M. (eds) AIDS and Women’s Reproductive Health. Reproductive Biology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3354-2_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3354-2_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-6479-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-3354-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation