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Involvement of Calcium, Lipolytic Enzymes, and Free Fatty Acids in Ischemic Brain Trauma

  • Chapter
Neurochemical Correlates of Cerebral Ischemia

Part of the book series: Advances in Neurochemistry ((ANCH,volume 7))

Abstract

The onset of cerebral ischemia causes a series of metabolic changes in central nervous system (CNS) that lead to the depletion of energy reserves and the loss of neuronal function in a time-dependent manner (Siesjö, 1981, 1984; Siesjö and Wieloch, 1985). At early stages of ischemia, recirculation of blood flow restores the energy reserves and neuronal functions, but there is a critical period of ischemia after which these functions are restored only partially upon reperfusion. Blood reflow under such conditions is assumed to be more harmful to the organ or tissue than is continued ischemia alone (Siesjö and Wieloch, 1985). In the past decade many potentially damaging factors such as ATP depletion, plasma membrane phospholipid degradation, loss of calcium homeostasis, cellular acidosis, superoxide-induced membrane damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction have been reported to play important role in ischemic injury (Siesjö, 1990; Bazan, 1976; Bazan et al., 1986). Several studies have indicated that ischemic insult markedly affects membrane integrity and membrane-associated functions such as activities of membrane-bound enzymes, ion transport, oxidative phosphorylation, and synaptic transmission (Siesjö, 1984; Bazan et al., 1986; Flynn et al., 1989). The purpose of this article is to discuss and critically evaluate the biochemical events (such as changes in calcium homeostasis, turnover of membrane phospholipids, and activation of phospholipases) initiated by ischemia and their potential role in determining the survival of nerve cells.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA

    Akhlaq A. Farooqui, Yutaka Hirashima & Lloyd A. Horrocks

  2. Division of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA

    Tahira Farooqui

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  1. Akhlaq A. Farooqui
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  2. Yutaka Hirashima
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  4. Lloyd A. Horrocks
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. LSU Eye Center and Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Medical Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

    Nicolas G. Bazan

  2. Institut Henri Beaufour, 92350, Le Plessis Robinson, Paris, France

    Pierre Braquet

  3. Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA

    Myron D. Ginsberg

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Farooqui, A.A., Hirashima, Y., Farooqui, T., Horrocks, L.A. (1992). Involvement of Calcium, Lipolytic Enzymes, and Free Fatty Acids in Ischemic Brain Trauma. In: Bazan, N.G., Braquet, P., Ginsberg, M.D. (eds) Neurochemical Correlates of Cerebral Ischemia. Advances in Neurochemistry, vol 7. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3312-2_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3312-2_7

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