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Oxygen Dependence of Neuronal Metabolism

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Neurochemical Correlates of Cerebral Ischemia

Part of the book series: Advances in Neurochemistry ((ANCH,volume 7))

Abstract

In the brain, as in many other tissues, the delivery of oxygen is highly regulated and the tissue oxygen pressure is normally maintained within a narrow range. Periods of hypoxia and/or ischemia followed by reoxygenation/reperfusion present a complex series of stresses to cellular and vascular physiology. Depending on the duration and severity of the initial period of hypoxia/ischemia and the succeeding reoxygenation protocol, there are various degrees of irreversible damage to cells. The primary cause of the damage is oxygen deprivation, which results in a deficiency in the metabolic energy available for cellular maintenance and repair. Energy-deprived cells in the central nervous system (CNS) first undergo progressive dissipation of the cellular ionic balance, including a very rapid (seconds) increase in intracellular Na+ levels and decrease in intracellular K+ levels, membrane depolarization with attendant increased intracellular Ca2+ levels, and release of neurotransmitters such as the excitatory amino acids. After longer periods (minutes) there is progressive lipolysis and proteolysis. In the first minutes of this process it may be fully reversible, and reoxygenation leads to essentially complete recovery. As the duration of the hypoxic/ischemic episode increases, however, the extent of recovery progressively decreases. The physiological basis for the irreversible component of the recovery remains poorly understood, although it has been reported that hyperglycemia exacerbates the damage (Meyers and Yamaguchi, 1977; Rehncrona et al., 1981; Welsh et al., 1983) and that many factors, including excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters released during the hypoxic episode (see, for example Olney [1978]; Watkins and Evans [1981]) and oxygen radicals produced during reperfusion, may be important contributors to the lack of recovery (Siesjö, 1981; Bazan and Rodriguez de Thrco, 1980; Yoshida et al., 1980). The present review will focus on the initial metabolic consequences of oxygen depravation in the eNS and will highlight only key elements of the more complex recovery process.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    David F. Wilson

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  1. David F. Wilson
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. LSU Eye Center and Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Medical Center School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA

    Nicolas G. Bazan

  2. Institut Henri Beaufour, 92350, Le Plessis Robinson, Paris, France

    Pierre Braquet

  3. Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA

    Myron D. Ginsberg

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© 1992 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Wilson, D.F. (1992). Oxygen Dependence of Neuronal Metabolism. In: Bazan, N.G., Braquet, P., Ginsberg, M.D. (eds) Neurochemical Correlates of Cerebral Ischemia. Advances in Neurochemistry, vol 7. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3312-2_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3312-2_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-6458-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-3312-2

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