Abstract
The ion-selective electrode represents a technique in electrochemistry in which the simple pH meter has been adapted to element-specific analytical applications. In a conventional pH meter, an electrode measures changes in the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution to determine its acidity/alkalinity. The ion-selective electrode carries out a similar function, except that the electrode is designed to respond to changes in the activity of specific ions in solution. Such electrodes are now available for a wide range of ions, including Na+, K+, Ca2+, NO3 -, Cl-, F-, S2-, etc. In geochemical analysis, the outstanding application is in the determination of fluoride ions. Indeed, due to the lack of any simple alternative, ion-selective electrodes now represent the standard instrumental technique for determining this element. They are, therefore, widely used, not least because of the importance of fluorine measurements in geochemical exploration and mineralization studies.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Chapter 7
Abbey, S. (1983) Studies in ‘standard samples’ of silicate rocks and minerals 1969–1982. Geol. Survey Canada, Paper 83–15.
Aruscavage, P.J. and E.Y. Campbell (1983) An ion-selective electrode method for determination of chlorine in geological materials. Talanta 30 745–749.
Bixler, J.W. and L.S. Solomon (1984) Restoration of unresponsive fluoride ion selective electrodes. Anal. Chem. 56 3004–3005.
Bloxam, T.W. (1968) A rapid method for the determination of fluoride in silicate rocks. Chem. Geol. 3 89–94.
Bodkin, J.D. (1977) Determination of fluorine in silicates by use of an ion-selective electrode following fusion with lithium meta-borate. Analyst (London) 102 409–413.
Boyle, D.R. (1982) The analysis of fluorine in geochemical exploration—reply. J. Geochem. Explor. 16 242–247.
Evans, K.L., J.G. Tarter and C.B. Moore (1981) Pyrohydrolyticion chromatographic determination of fluorine, chlorine and sulphur in geological samples. Anal. Chem. 53 925–928.
Farzaneh, A. and G. Troll (1977) Pyrohydrolysis for the rapid determination of small and large amounts of fluorine in fluorides, silicates and rocks using an ion-selective electrode. Geochem. J. 11,177–181.
Farzaneh, A. and G. Troll (1978) Pyrohydrolysis for the rapid determination of chlorine traces in silicate and non-silicate minerals and rocks. Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem. 292 293–295.
Frant, M.S. and J.W. Ross (1966) Electrode for sensing fluoride ion activity in solution. Science 154 1553–1555.
Haynes, S.J. and A.H. Clark (1972) A rapid method for the determination of chlorine in silicate rocks using ion-selective electrodes. Econ. Geol. 67 378–382.
Hopkins, D.M. (1977) An improved ion-selective electrode method for the rapid determination of fluorine in rocks and soils. J. Res. US Geol. Survey 5 589–593.
Ingram, B.L. (1970) Determination of fluoride in silicate rocks without separation of aluminium using a specific ion electrode. Anal. Chem. 42 1825–1827.
IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) (1976) Recommendations for nomenclature of ion-selective electrodes. Int. Union Pure Appl. Chem.,Anal. Chem. Div. Pure Appl. Chem. 48 127–132.
Jagner, D. and V. Pavlova (1972) A standard addition titration method for the determination of fluorine in silicate rocks. Anal. Chim. Acta 60 153–158.
Nicholson, K. (1982) The analysis of fluorine in geochemical exploration—discussion. J. Geochem. Explor. 16 239–242.
Nicholson, K. (1983) Fluorine determination in geochemistry: errors in the electrode method of analysis. Chem. Geol. 38 1–22.
Nicholson, K. and E.J. Duff (1981) Fluoride determination in water: an optimum buffer system for use with the fluoride-selective electrode. Anal. Lett. 14 493–517.
Glade, M.A. (1976) Rapid and simultaneous determination of chlorine and fluorine in rocks and an application in detailed geochemical exploration. J. Mining Geol. 13 28–32.
Pohl, C.A. and E.L. Johnson (1980) Ion chromatography the state of the art. J. Chromat. Sci. 18 442–452.
Shapiro, L. (1967) A simple and rapid indirect determination of fluorine in minerals and rocks. US Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 575D, 233–235.
Skoog, D.A. and D.M. West (1980) Principles of Instrumental Analysis. Saunders College, Philadelphia/Holt-Saunders, Japan, Tokyo.
Small, H., T.S. Stevens and W.C. Bauman (1975) Novel ion exchange chromatographic method using conductimetric detection. Anal. Chem. 47 1801–1809.
Stecher, O. (1983) Fluorine in twenty-two international reference rock samples and a compilation of fluorine values for the USGS reference samples. Geostand. Newslett. 7 283–287.
Terashima, S. (1979) Determination of total carbon and sulphur in forty-two geochemical reference samples by combustion and infra-red spectrometry. Geostand. Newslett. 3 195–198.
Troll, G. and A. Farzaneh (1980) Determination of fluorine, chlorine and water in eight USGS reference samples. Geostand. Newslett. 4 37–38.
Troll, G., A. Farzaneh and K. Cammann (1977) Rapid determination of fluoride in mineral and rock samples using an ion-selective electrode. Chem. Geol. 20 295–305.
Weast, R.C. (editor-in-chief) (1973) Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (54th edn.). Chemical Rubber Co., Cleveland, Ohio.
Wilson, S.A. and C.A. Gent (1983) Determination of chloride in geological samples by ion chromatography. Anal. Chim. Acta 148299–303.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1987 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Potts, P.J. (1987). Ion-selective electrodes. In: A Handbook of Silicate Rock Analysis. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3270-5_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3270-5_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-216-93209-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-3270-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive