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Growth Factors and the Cardiovascular System pp 119–148Cite as

Growth factors and development of coronary collaterals

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Part of the book series: Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine ((DICM,volume 147))

Abstract

The existence of coronary collaterals in the heart and their potential role in salvaging the ischemic myocardium is well described. In experimental animals as well as in humans during ischemic heart disease, slowly developing occlusion of a large epicardial coronary artery leads to the formation of a collateral circulation [1,3,4]. This compensatory growth (collateralization) is able to prevent myocardial infarction and these alternate routes of blood supply to the jeopardized myocardium arise both from preformed and newly formed collateral vessels [1)] Over the past 25 years, studies from our group have shown that in the pig heart, collaterals are tiny vascular channels of < 20 μm in diameter and that they develop in response to ischemia usually in the sub-endocardial regions as a network interconnected with one another as well as with epicardial coronary arteries and their branches [1–4]. In canine heart, epicardial vessels increase from an initial diameter of 40 μm to an average diameter of 80 μm [1,4,5,31]. Hence, it can be stated that progressively slow coronary artery stenosis favours the induction of blood vessel growth, a phenomenon called angiogenesis. Angiogenesis in the heart could be of two types; sprouting angiogenesis, when collateral vessels develop from an existing capillary and non-sprouting angiogenesis, when collateral vessels develop as a tubular structure from pre-existing arterioles.

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Authors
  1. Hari S. Sharma
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  2. Rene Zimmerman
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  1. Department of Physiology, University of Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, UK

    Peter Cummins

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Sharma, H.S., Zimmerman, R. (1993). Growth factors and development of coronary collaterals. In: Cummins, P. (eds) Growth Factors and the Cardiovascular System. Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, vol 147. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3098-5_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3098-5_8

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