Skip to main content

Primary cerebral lymphoma

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Cancer Treatment and Research ((CTAR,volume 66))

Abstract

Primary central nervous system (cerebral) lymphoma is an intracranial neoplasm with an increasing incidence in the last 15 years, perhaps tripling in the last 10 years [1,2]. These tumors are infiltrative, multifocal tumors with a predilection for the paraventricular brain areas. Treatment of intracerebral lymphoma has followed the standard parameters of intracranial neoplasia, including steroids and radiation therapy. Treatment with steroids transiently reduces cerebral edema and may even be lympholytic in this tumor [35]. Therapy is problematic because the duration of the response to steroids and/or radiation therapy has been short, resulting in a median survival of approximately 14 months.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Adams JH, Howatson AG: Cerebral lymphomas: review of 70 cases. J Clin Pathol 43: 544–547, 1990.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Eby NL, Grufferman S, Flannelly CM, et al.: Increasing incidence of primary brain lymphoma in the U.S. Cancer 62:2461–2465, 1988.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Baxter J, Harris A, Tomkins G, et al.: Glucocorticoid receptors in lymphoma cells in culture: relationship to glucocorticoid killing activity. Science 171:189–191, 1970.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Gametchu B: Glucocorticoid receptor-like antigen in lymphoma cell membranes: correlation to cell lysis. Science 236:236–237, 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Pohl P, Oberhuber G, Dietze O, et al.: Steroid-induced complete remission in a case of primary cerebral non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 91:247–250, 1989.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Weingarten K, Zimmerman R, Leeds N: Spontaneous regression of intracerebral lymphoma. Radiology 149:721–724, 1983.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Dorreen MS, Ironside JW, Bradshaw JD, et al.: Primary intracerebral lymphoma: a clinicopathological analysis of 14 patients presenting over a 10 year period in Sheffield. Q J Med 67:387–404, 1988.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Neuwelt EA, Frenkel EP, Gumerlock MK, et al.: Developments in the diagnosis and treatment of primary CNS lymphoma: a prospective series. Cancer 58:1609–1620, 1986.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Pollack IF, Lunsford LD, Flickinger JC, et al.: Prognostic factors in the diagnosis and treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma. Cancer 63:939–947, 1989.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Bessell M, Punt J, Firth J, et al.: Primary non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the central nervous system: phase II study of chemotherapy prior to radiotherapy. Clinical Oncol 3:193–198, 1991.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Hochberg FH, Miller DC: Primary central nervous system lymphoma. J Neurosurg 68:835–853, 1988.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. O’Neill BP, Illig JJ: Primary central nervous system lymphoma. Mayo Clin Proc 64: 1005–1020, 1989.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Bonnin JM, Garcia JH: Primary malignant non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the central nervous system. Pathol Annu 22:353–375, 1987.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Burstein SD, Kernohan JW, Uihlein A: Neoplasms of the reticuloendothelial system of the brain. Cancer 16:289–305, 1963.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Kiya K, Uozumi T, Kurisu K, et al.: Outcome of primary central nervous system lymphoma. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 31:194–198, 1991.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Correale JD, Monteverde DA, Bueri JA, et al.: Craniocerebral involvement in lymphoma. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 48:306–314, 1990.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Correale J, Monteverde DA, Bueri JA, et al.: Peripheral nervous system and spinal cord involvement in lymphoma. Acta Neurol Scand 83:45–51, 1991.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Recht LD: Neurologic complications of systemic lymphoma. Neurol Clin 9:1001–1015, 1991.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Remick S, Diamond C, Migliozzi J, et al.: Primary central nervous system lymphoma in patients with and without the acquired immune deficiency syndrome: a retrospective analysis and review of the literature. Medicine 69:345–360, 1990.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Woolf AS, Conway G: Systemic lupus erythematosus and primary cerebral lymphoma. Postgrad Med J 63:569–571, 1987.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Bashir RM, Harris NL, Hochberg FH, et al.: Detection of Epstein-Barr virus in CNS lymphomas by in-situ hybridization. Neurology 39:813–817, 1989.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. DeAngelis L: Primary central nervous system lymphoma as a secondary malignancy. Cancer 67:1431–1435, 1991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Van Bolden V, Kline DG, Garcia CA, et al.: Isolated radial nerve palsy due to metastasis from a primary malignant lymphoma of the brain. Neurosurgery 21:905–909, 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Pauzner R, Mouallem M, Sadeh M, et al.: High incidence of primary cerebral lymphoma in tumor-induced central neurogenic hyperventilation. Arch Neurol 46:510–512, 1989.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Kuwabara Y, Ichiya Y, Otsuka M, et al.: High [18F] FDG uptake in primary cerebral lymphoma: a PET study. J Comput Assist Tomogr 13:47–48, 1988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Murray K, Kun L, Cox J: Primary malignant lymphoma of the central nervous system. Results of treatment of 11 cases and review of literature. J Neurosurg 65:600–607, 1986.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. DeAngelis L, Yahalom J, Thaler H, et al.: Combined modality therapy for primary CNS lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 10:635–643, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Benjamin I, Case M: Primary reticulum cell sarcoma (microglioma) of the brain with massive cardiac metastases. J Neurosurg 53:714–716, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Hochberg RH, Miller G, Schooley RT, et al.: Central nervous system lymphoma related to Epstein-Barr virus. N Engl J Med 30:745–748, 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. List AF, Greer JP, Cousar JP, et al.: Primary brain lymphoma in the immunocompetent host: relation to Epstein-Barr virus. Mod Pathol 3:609–612, 1990.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Thomas M, MacPherson P: Computed tomography of intracranial lymphoma. Clin Radiol 33:331–336, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Jack CR, Reese DF, Scheithauer BW: Radiographic findings in 32 cases of primary CNS lymphoma. AJR 146:271–276, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Jack CR, O’Neill BP, Banks PM, et al.: Central nervous system lymphoma: histologic types and CT appearance. Radiology 167:211–215, 1988.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Ohkawa A, Yamadori A, Mori E, et al.: A case of primary malignant lymphoma of the brain with high uptake of 123I-IMP. Neuroradiology 31:270–272, 1989.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Hochberg FH, Loeffler JS, Prados M: The therapy of primary brain lymphoma. J Neurooncol 10:191–201, 1991.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Helle TL, Britt RH, Colby TV: Primary lymphoma of the central nervous system. J Neurosurg 60:94–103, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Neuwelt EA, Gumerlock MK, Dahlborg SA: Primary central nervous system lymphomas. In JR Youmans, ed. Neurological Surgery, 3rd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1989, pp 3137–3151.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Oberg G, Hallgren R, Venge P: Beta2-microglobulin, lysozyme and lactoferrin in cerebrospinal fluid in patients with lymphoma or leukemia: relationship to CNS involvement and the effect of prophylactic intrathecal treatment with methotrexate. Br J Hematol 66: 315–322, 1987.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Spaun E, Midholm S, Pedersen NT, et al.: Primary malignant lymphoma of the central nervous system. Surg Neurol 24:646–50, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Bogdahn U, Bogdahn S, Mertens HG, et al.: Primary non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas of the CNS. Acta Neurol Scand 73:602–614, 1986.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. O’Neill BP, Kelly PJ, Earle JD, et al.: Computer-assisted stereotactic biopsy for the diagnosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma. Neurology 37:1160–1164, 1987.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Namiki TS, Nichols P, Young T, et al.: Stereotactic biopsy diagnosis of central nervous system lymphoma. Am J Clin Pathol 90:40–45, 1988.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Simon J, Jones EL, Trumper MM, et al.: Malignant lymphomas involving the central nervous system—a morphological and immunohistochemical study of 32 cases. Histo-pathology 11:335–349, 1987.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Pappas CT, Johnson PC, Sonntag VK: Signet-ring cell lymphoma of the central nervous system. J Neurosurg 69:789–792, 1988.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Geppert M, Ostertag CB, Seitz G, et al.: Glucocorticoid therapy obscures the diagnosis of cerebral lymphoma. Acta Neuropathol 80:629–634, 1990.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Singh A, Strobos RJ, Singh BM, et al.: Steroid-induced remissions in CNS lymphoma. Neurology 32:1267–1271, 1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Sugita Y, Shigemori M, Yuge T, et al.: Spontaneous regression of primary malignant intracranial lymphoma. Surg Neurol 30:148–152, 1988.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Vaquero C, Martinez R, Rossi E, et al.: Primary cerebral lymphoma: the ‘ghost tumor.’ J Neurosurg 60:174–176, 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Williams RS, Crowell RM, Fisher CM, et al.: Clinical and radiologic remission in reticulum cell sarcoma of the brain. Arch Neurol 36:206–21, 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Taylor CR, Russell R, Lukes RJ, et al.: An immunohistological study of immunoglobulin content of primary central nervous system lymphomas. Cancer 41:2197–2205, 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Kanavaros P, Mikol J, Nemeth J, et al.: Stereotactic biopsy diagnosis of primary non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the central nervous system: a histological and immunohistochemical study. Pathol Res Pract 186:459–466, 1990.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Hardwidge C, Diengdoh JV, Husband D, et al.: Primary cerebral lymphoma—a clinical-pathologic study. Clin Neurol Pathol 9:217–223, 1990.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Morgello S, Maiese K, Petito CK: T-cell lymphoma in the CNS: clinical and pathologic features. Neurology 39:1190–1196, 1989.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Smith WJ, Garson JA, Bourne SP, et al.: Immunoglobulin gene rearrangement and antigenic profile confirm B cell origin of primary cerebral lymphoma and indicate a mature phenotype. J Clin Pathol 41:128–132, 1988.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Bashir RM, Harris N, Blain K, et al. Hochberg F: Immunophenotypic profile of CNS lymphoma: a review of eighteen cases. J Neurooncol 7:249–254, 1989.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Efremidis AP, Sabato U, Taff I, et al.: Diagnosis of CNS lymphoma using immunofluores-cent phenotyping of CSF mononuclear cells. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 88:101–107, 1986.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Di Marco A, Rosta L, Campostrini F, et al.: The role of radiation therapy in the management of primary non-Hodgkin lymphomas of the central nervous system. Tumori 72: 565–573, 1986.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Grote TH, Grosh WW, List AF, et al. Johnson DH: Primary lymphoma of the central nervous system: a report of 20 cases and a review of the literature. Am J Clin Oncol 12:93–100, 1989.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Loeffler JS, Ervin TJ, Mauch P, et al.: Primary lymphomas of the central nervous system: patterns of failure and factors that influence survival. J Clin Oncol 3:490–494, 1985.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Shibamoto Y, Tsutsui K, Dodo Y, et al.: Improved survival rate in primary intracranial lymphoma treated by high-dose radiation and systemic vincristine-doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide-prednisolone chemotherapy. Cancer 65:1907–1912, 1990.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Michalski JM, Garcia DM, Kase E: Primary central nervous system lymphoma: analysis of prognostic variables and patterns of treatment failure. Radiology 176:855–860, 1990.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Margolis L, Fraser R, Lichter A, et al.: The role of radiation therapy in the management of ocular reticulum cell sarcoma. Cancer 45:688–692, 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Merchut MP, Haberland C, Naheedy MH, et al.: Long survival of primary cerebral lymphoma with progressive radiation necrosis. Neurology 35:552–556, 1985.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Crossen Jr, Goldman DL, Dahlborg SA, et al.: Neuropsychological assessment outcomes of nonacquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma before and after blood-brain barrier disruption chemotherapy. Neurosurgery 30:23–29, 1992.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Neuwelt EA, Dahlborg SA, Goldman D, et al.: Primary CNS lymphoma treated with osmotic blood-brain barrier disruption: prolonged survival and preservation of cognitive function. J Clin Oncol 9:1580–1590, 1991.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Abelson HT, Dufe DW, Skarin AT, et al.: Treatment of central nervous system tumors with methotrexate. Cancer Treat Rep 65:137–140, 1981.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Cohen IJ, Vogel R, Matz S, et al.: Successful non-neurotoxic therapy (without radiation) of a multifocal primary brain lymphoma with a methotrexate, vincristine, and BCNU protocol. Cancer 57:6–11, 1986.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Gabbai AA, Hochberg FH, Linggood R: High dose methotrexate therapy of primary brain lymphoma. J Neurosurg 70:190–194, 1989.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. McLaughlin P, Velasquez WS, Redman JR, et al.: Chemotherapy with dexamethasone, high-dose cytarabine, and cisplatin for parenchymal brain lymphoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 80:1408–1412, 1988.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Pitman SW, Frei E: Weekly methotrexate-calcium leucovorin rescue: effect of alkalinization of nephrotoxicity: pharmacokinetics in the CNS and the use in CNS non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Cancer Treat Rep 61:695–701, 1977.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Ott RJ, Brada M, Flower MA, et al.: Measurements of blood-brain barrier permeability in patients undergoing radiotherapy and chemotherapy for primary cerebral lymphoma. Eur J Cancer 27:1356–1361, 1991.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Gumerlock MK, Belshe BD, Madsen R, et al.: Osmotic blood-brain barrier disruption and chemotherapy in the treatment of high grade malignant glioma: patient series and literature review. J Neurooncol 12:33–46, 1992.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gumerlock, M.K., Neuwelt, E.A. (1993). Primary cerebral lymphoma. In: Dana, B.W. (eds) Malignant lymphomas, including Hodgkin’s disease: Diagnosis, management, and special problems. Cancer Treatment and Research, vol 66. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3084-8_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3084-8_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-6347-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-3084-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics