Abstract
Animal viruses that contain single-stranded RNA genomes are broadly divided into two groups;
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1.
Those whose genomes are of positive polarity and which function directly as mRNAs. The capsids of these viruses are icosahedral, and in general these genomes contain 5’ cap groups and 3’ poly(A) tails, reflecting their roles as mRNA. These genomes as naked RNA are infectious
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2.
Those whose genomes are the complements of mRNA, or of negative polarity. These are also distinguished from (+) RNA viruses in that.
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a
The capsids of these viruses have helical symmetry and are packaged into virions together with the viral polymerase. This complex, the nucleocapsid (NC), allows mRNA synthesis to begin immediately upon infection, without de novo protein synthesis.
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b
In general, (-) RNA genomes do not contain the hallmarks of mRNA (5’ caps and 3’ poly(A) tails).
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c
These genomes as naked RNA are not infectious. The minimum unit of infectivity here is the viral NC, including its polymerase; otherwise there is no way to begin viral gene expression.
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a
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Kolakofsky, D., Garcin, D. (1993). The Unusual Mechanism of Arenavirus RNA Synthesis. In: Salvato, M.S. (eds) The Arenaviridae. The Viruses. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3028-2_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3028-2_6
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