Abstract
Recent developments of vaccines focused on techniques for production of antigens, with most of the attention paid to the use of gene technology to produce replicating or non-replicating antigens. Promising results were e.g. obtained with vaccinia as a replicating virus vector and with salmonella as a bacterial vector producing cloned antigens. Generally, non-replicating purified antigens are poorly immunogenic regardless of whether they are isolated from conventional microorganisms or recovered from genetically cloned bacteria, yeast or animal cells. Common for all non-replicating antigens is the demand for forming them into a favourable immunogenic form. Consequently, the first rule for making an antigen immunogenic is to give it an immunogenic physical form, i.e. the antigen should be present in a multimeric form as small particle (Morein et al, 1978; Morein & Simons, 1985). Several adjuvants - immunomodulators - have recently been used to enhance the immunogenicity of antigens obtained from conventional microorganisms or antigens being gene technology products. However, few adjuvant systems combine the physical multimeric presentation with immunomodulation as the case is with SAF-1 or iscoms. (For references, see Allison, 1989; Morein et al, 1989).
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Morein, B., Villacres-Eriksson, M., Åkerblom, L., Lövgren, K. (1993). Initiation of Immune Response with ISCOM. In: Gregoriadis, G., McCormack, B., Allison, A.C., Poste, G. (eds) New Generation Vaccines. NATO ASI Series, vol 261. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2948-4_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2948-4_7
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