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New Generation Vaccines pp 185–199Cite as

Polysaccharide Vaccines

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Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((NSSA,volume 261))

Abstract

Many of the bacteria that cause life-threatening diseases in humans have polysaccharide capsules. Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae are principle causes of meningitis and septicaemia, particularly in children under 2 years of age, in both the developed and the developing world. Prophylactic use of vaccines, rather than antibiotic treatment, is appropriate and justifiable for two reasons: firstly, the course of disease is rapid with 5% mortality and 10% serious sequelae, even with the most sophisticated treatment; and, secondly, the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains is a global problem due to the widespread use of antibiotics. The focus of attention on capsular polysaccharides as attractive vaccine candidates stems from their surface location on the organism, resulting in their direct interaction with the immune system, and the discovery that the presence of anti-capsular antibodies correlates with protection from disease. The fact that >90% of disease caused by N. meningitidis is associated with only three structurally and serologically distinct capsular polysaccharides, designated group A, B and C, and that virtually all H. influenzae disease is associated with a single capsular polysaccharide (type b) has encouraged the belief that effective vaccines containing one or a few components would be forthcoming. This review will discuss progress towards this goal.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cell Biology, The Wellcome Research Laboratories, Langley Court, Beckenham, Kent, BR3 3BS, UK

    M. R. Lifely

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  1. M. R. Lifely
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Pharmacy, University of London, London, UK

    Gregory Gregoriadis  & Brenda McCormack  & 

  2. Syntex Research, Palo Alto, California, USA

    Anthony C. Allison

  3. SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, Surrey, UK

    George Poste

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© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Lifely, M.R. (1993). Polysaccharide Vaccines. In: Gregoriadis, G., McCormack, B., Allison, A.C., Poste, G. (eds) New Generation Vaccines. NATO ASI Series, vol 261. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2948-4_19

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2948-4_19

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-6281-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-2948-4

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