Abstract
Developments over the past decade in the concepts and techniques of molecular biology, synthetic peptide chemistry, and immunology, have placed within our grasp the potential to construct a new generation of defined subunit vaccine agents. The ability to clone and express in quantity the product of specific genes from virtually any infectious agent of interest, now provides an array of previously inaccessible antigens for consideration as vaccine candidates. In some cases, the generation of pathogen-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies has identified the key gene products on which to focus in order to block these infectious agents. Additionally, developments in the methods for identifying and synthesizing specific B- and T-cell epitopes now offer the potential to induce disease-neutralizing immune responses with completely synthetic structures. Although these advances have fostered much research into new vaccine candidates, and numerous studies have been carried out in different animal models, significant hurdles yet remain in terms of translating these findings into a new set of human vaccine agents.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Allison, A.C., 1989, Antigens and adjuvants for a new generation of vaccines, in: “Immunological Adjuvants and Vaccines” (G. Gregoriadis, A.C. Allison and G. Poste, eds) pp 1–12, Plenum Press, New York.
Berzofsky, J.A., Kurata, A., Takahashi, H., Brett, S.J. and McKean, D.J., 1989, Molecular studies of antigen processing and presentation to T cells by class II MHC molecules, Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol., LIV: 417.
Cambier, J.C. and Ransom, J.T., 1987, Molecular mechanisms of transmembrane signalling in B Lymphocytes, Ann.Rev.Immunol. 5: 175.
Carayanniotis, G. and Barber, B.H., 1987, Adjuvant-free IgG responses induced with antigen coupled to antibodies against class II MHC, Nature, 327: 59.
Carayanniotis, G. and Barber, B.H., 1990, Characterization of the adjuvant-free serological response to protein antigens coupled to antibodies specific for class II MHC determinants, Vaccine, 8: 137.
Carayanniotis, G., Skea, D.L., Luscher, M.A. and Barber, B.H., 1991, Adjuvant-independent immunization by immunotargeting antigens to MHC and non-MHC determinants in vivo, Molec.Immunol., 28: 261.
Carayanniotis, G., Vizi, E., Parker, J.M.R., Hodges, R.S. and Barber, B.H., 1988, Delivery of synthetic peptides by anti-class II MHC monoclonal antibodies induces specific adjuvant-free IgG responses in vivo, Molec.Immunol., 25: 907.
Casten, L.A., Kaumaya, P. and Pierce, S.K., 1988, Enhanced T cell responses to antigenic peptides targeted to B cell surface Ig, Ia or class I molecules, J.Exp.Med., 168: 171.
Crowley, M.T., Inaba, K., Witmer-Pack, M.D., Gezelter, S. and Steinman, R.M., 1990, Use of the fluorescence-activated cell sorter to enrich dendritic cells from mouse spleen, J.Immunol.Meth., 133: 55.
Dubiski, S., Cinader, B., Chou, C.T., Charpentier, L. and Letarte, M., 1988, Cross-reaction of a monoclonal antibody to human MHC class II molecules with rabbit B cells, Mol.Immunol., 5: 713.
Edelman, R. 1980, Vaccine adjuvants, Res.Inf.Dis., 2: 370.
Gerrard, T.L., Volkman, D.J., Jurgerson, C.H. and Fauci, A.S., 1986, Activated human T cells can present denatured antigen, Human Immunol., 17: 416.
Graf, L., Koch, N. and Schirrmacher, V., 1985, Expression of Ia antigens in a murine T-lymphoma variant, Molec.Immunol., 12: 1371.
Gray, D., Kosco, M. and Stockinger, B., 1991, Novel pathways of antigen presentation for the maintenance of memory, International Immunol., 3: 141.
Jelinek, D.F. and Lipsky, P.E., 1987, Regulation of human B lymphocyte activation, proliferation and differentiation, Adv.Immunol., 40: 1.
Johnson, P., Greenbaum, L., Bottomly, K. and Trowbridge, I.S., 1989, Identification of the alternatively spliced exons of murine CD45 (T200) required for reactivity with B220 and other T200-restricted antibodies, J.Exp.Med., 169: 1179.
Kraal, G., Breel, M., Janse, M. and Bruin, G., 1986, Langerhans’ cells, veiled cells and interdigitating cells in the mouse recognized by a monoclonal antibody, J.Exp.Med., 163: 981.
Nussenzweig, M.C., Steinman, R.M., Witmer, M.D. and Gutchinov, B., 1982, A monoclonal antibody specific for mouse dentritic cells, Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci., 79: 161.
Oi, V.T., Jones, P.P., Coding, J.W., Herzenberg, L.A. and Herzenberg, L.A., 1978, Properties of monoclonal antibodies to mouse Ig allotypes, H2 and Ia antigens, Curr.Topics Microbiol.Immunol., 81: 115.
Pierce, S.K. and Casten, L.A., 1988, Soluble globular protein antigens covalently coupled to antibodies specific for B cell surface strutures are effective antigens both in vitro and in vivo, Prog.Leuk.Biol., 7: 259.
Radka, S.F., Kostyn, D.D. and Amos, D.B., 1982, A monoclonal antibody directed against the HLA-BW6 epitope, J.Imnunol., 128: 2804.
Skea, D.L., Douglas, A.R., Skehel, J.J. and Barber, B.H., 1993, The immunotargeting approach to adjuvant-independent immunization with influenza hemagglutinin, Vaccine, in press.
Snider, D.P., Kaubisch, A. and Segal, D.M., 1990, Enhanced antigen immunogenicity induced by bispecific antibodies, J.Exp.Med., 171: 1957.
Springer, T., Galfri, G., Secher, D.S. and Milstein, C., 1978, Monoclonal xenogeneic antibodies to murine cell surface antigens: Identification of novel leukocyte differentiation antigens, Eur.J.Imminol., 8: 539.
Steinman, R.M., Nogueira, N., Witmer, M.D., Tydings, J.D. and Millman, I.S., 1980, Lymphokine enhances the expression and synthesis of Ia antigens on cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages, J.Exp.Med., 152: 1248.
Warren, H.S., Vogel, F.R. and Chedid, L.A., 1986, Current status of immunological adjuvants, Ann.Rev.Immunol., 4: 369.
Wiedemann, F., Link, R., Pump, K., Jacobshagen, U., Schaefer, H.E., Weismuller, K.H., Hummel, R.P., Jung, G., Bessler, W. and Boltz, T., 1991, Histopathological studies on the local reactions induced by complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA), bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and synthetic lipopeptide (P3C) conjugates, J.Pathol., 164: 265.
Wilde, D.B., Marrack, P., Kappler, J., Dialynas, D.P. and Fitch, F.W., 1983, Evidence implicating L3T4 in class II MRC antigen reactivity; monoclonal antibody GK 1.5 (anti-L3T4a) blocks class II antigen-specific proliferation, release of lymphokines, and binding by cloned murine helper T lymphocyte lines, J.Immunol., 131: 2178.
Yewdell, J.W., Frank, E. and Gerhard, W., 1981, Expression of influenza A virus internal antigens on the surface of infected P815 cells, J.Immunol., 126: 1814.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Skea, D.L., Barber, B.H. (1993). Immunotargeting as an Adjuvant-Independent Subunit Vaccine Design Option. In: Gregoriadis, G., McCormack, B., Allison, A.C., Poste, G. (eds) New Generation Vaccines. NATO ASI Series, vol 261. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2948-4_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2948-4_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-6281-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-2948-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive