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Breast Cancer: Influence of Endocrine Hormones, Growth Factors and Genetic Alterations

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Book cover The Underlying Molecular, Cellular and Immunological Factors in Cancer and Aging

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 330))

Abstract

Breast cancer is a disease whose frequency as well as pathologic characteristics vary markedly with age and sex. Women develop breast cancer with an incidence of approximately 1 in 10 in the United States, about 100 times the frequency in men. In women, the incidence of breast cancer increases with increasing age, but the rate of increase drops off sharply at the age of menopause (Pike et al., 1981). Breast cancer is more likely in postmenopausal than in premenopausal women to be positive for the receptor for estrogen (Ottman et al., 1981). Estrogen receptor positive breast cancer, whether postmenopausal or premenopausal, is associated with better prognosis than receptor negative breast cancer (Sunderland and McGuire, 1990). These statistics have contributed to the view that exposure of the mammary gland to ovarian estrogens (and progestins) is critical to onset and malignant progression of breast cancer. Indeed, perimenarchal loss of ovarian function can result in a decrease in breast cancer risk by a factor of 100 to about that found in men (Brown, 1981). Furthermore, ovariectomy and/or antiestrogenic and antiprogestational drugs have been successfully used in treatment of breast cancer (lino et al., 1990).

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  1. Vincent T. Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University Hospital, 3900 Reservoir Road N.W., Washington, D.C., 20007, USA

    Robert B. Dickson, Michael D. Johnson, Dorraya El-Ashry, Yenian Eric Shi, Mozeena Bano, Gerhard Zugmaier, Barbara Ziff, Marc E. Lippman & Susan Chrysogelos

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  1. Robert B. Dickson
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  1. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

    Stringner Sue Yang Ph.D.

  2. National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

    Huber R. Warner Ph.D.

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Dickson, R.B. et al. (1993). Breast Cancer: Influence of Endocrine Hormones, Growth Factors and Genetic Alterations. In: Yang, S.S., Warner, H.R. (eds) The Underlying Molecular, Cellular and Immunological Factors in Cancer and Aging. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 330. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2926-2_10

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