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The Role of Cholesterol in Mycoplasma Membranes

  • Chapter
Mycoplasma Cell Membranes

Part of the book series: Subcellular Biochemistry ((SCBI,volume 20))

Abstract

Cholesterol is the end product of the sterol biosynthetic pathway in animal cells. The sterol molecule arose necessarily with the advent of an aerobic environment (Bloch, 1983), making it a relative latecomer in the evolutionary development of living cells. Perhaps, as a consequence, sterols are not uniformly distributed among life forms as are, say, amino acids and nucleic acids, but are reserved almost without exception as membrane components of eukaryotic rather than prokaryotic cells. Notable exceptions to the exclusionary rule of sterols in prokaryotes can be found in a few aerobic bacteria (Bird et al., 1971) and in members of the class Mollicutes. Of the three established families comprising the class Mollicutes, the Mycoplasmataceae and Spiroplasmataceae require cholesterol or a related sterol for growth whereas Acholeplasmataceae do not. None of the mycoplasmas* synthesize cholesterol de novo, nor do they generally metabolize or modify the sterol molecule. Rather, mycoplasmas incorporate sterols unchanged from the environment to levels approaching 50 mole% of the total membrane lipid. These features coupled with mycoplasmas’ inherent fatty acid auxotrophy and single membrane structure assure the mycoplasmas a high rank among the organisms of choice for studies aimed at understanding the role of sterols in natural membranes. The degree of control over membrane lipid content one can achieve with mycoplasmas more closely approaches that obtained with model membranes than with most other natural systems used to study sterol structure-function relationships such as yeast, insects, and fibroblasts. Although studies on model membranes have provided valuable information on the functional consequences of sterol-phospholipid interactions, the principles governing both sterol-phospholipid and sterol-protein interactions in the complex milieu of a natural membrane must ultimately be delineated before a full understanding of the role of cholesterol in mycoplasmas and other cells can be reached.

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  1. Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA

    Jean Dahl

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  1. Department of Membrane and Ultrastructure Research, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel

    Shlomo Rottem  & Itzhak Kahane  & 

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© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Dahl, J. (1993). The Role of Cholesterol in Mycoplasma Membranes. In: Rottem, S., Kahane, I. (eds) Mycoplasma Cell Membranes. Subcellular Biochemistry, vol 20. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2924-8_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2924-8_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-6269-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-2924-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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