Skip to main content

Relating Images, Concepts, and Words

  • Chapter
Intelligent Systems
  • 64 Accesses

Abstract

Examination of verbal description of objects suggest that we use hierarchical structure for shape description; the highest levels of the hierarchy provide a general object framework of breakdown into component parts, and a description of each part by analogy to a well-understood set of shapes called prototypes. Lower levels of the hierarchy provide refinement of the analogies and ways in which shapes deviate from the prototypes. The set of prototypes on which the analogies are based contains many common objects, especially natural objects and the parts of the human body, plus certain shapes with special symmetry properties. It is argued that no single 3-D representation scheme is natural for all members of this set of prototypes, and that since unfamiliar objects are described with respect to the basic set of shapes, these objects will have varying shape representation schemes also.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. R. Bajcsy and A. K. Joshi. The problem of naming shapes: Vision language interface. In D. L. Waltz, editor, TINLAP-2: Theoretical Issues in Natural Language Processing-2, Association for Computing Machinery and The Association for Computational Linguistics, 1978, pp. 157–161.

    Google Scholar 

  2. H. H. Clark. Space, time, semantics, and the child. In T. E. Moore, editor, Cognitive Development and the Acquisition of Language, Academic Press, New York, 1973

    Google Scholar 

  3. C. J. Fillmore. The case for case reopened. In J. P. Kimball, editor, Syntax and Semantics. Academic Press: New York, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  4. M. A. Fischler. On the representation of natural scenes. In A. R. Hanson and E. M. Riseman, editors, Computer Vision Systems, Academic Press, New York, 1978, pp. 47–52.

    Google Scholar 

  5. R. Jackendoff. A system of semantic primitives. In R. Schank and B. Nash-Webber, editors, Theoretical Issues in Natural Language Processing. ACL, Arlington, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  6. S. M. Kosslyn and S. P. Shwartz. Visual images as spatial representations in active memory. In A. R. Hanson and E. M. Riseman, editors, Computer Vision Systems. Academic Press, New York, 1978, pp. 223–242.

    Google Scholar 

  7. D. Marr. Representing visual information. In A. R. Hansom and E. M. Riseman, editors, Computer Vision Systems. Academic Press, New York, 1978, pp. 61–80.

    Google Scholar 

  8. G. A. Miller and P. Johnson-Laird. Language and Perception. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  9. M. Minsky. A framework for representing knowledge. In P. H. Winston, editor, The Psychology of Computer Vision. Mcgraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1975, pp. 211–277.

    Google Scholar 

  10. J. Piaget. Six Psychological Studies. Vintage Books, New York, 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Z. W. Pylyshyn. Children’s internal description. In Languages Learning and Thought. Academic Press, New York, 1977, pp. 169–176.

    Google Scholar 

  12. I. Rock. The perception of disoriented figures. Scientific American, 230(1):78–86, Jan. 1974.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. L. Talmy. The relation of grammer to cognition — a synopsis. In D. L. Waltz, editor, TINLAP-2: Theoretical Issues in Natural Language Processing-2. Association for Computing Machinery and The Association for Computational Linguistics, 1978, pp. 14–24.

    Google Scholar 

  14. J. M. Tenebaum and H. G. Barrow. Experiments in interpretation-guided segmentation. Artificial Intelligence, 8(3):241–274, 1977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. D. W. Thompson. On Growth and Form. Cambridge University Press, London, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  16. D.L. Waltz. On the interdependence of language and perception. In D. L. Waltz, editor, TINLAP-2: Theoretical Issues in Natural Language Processing-2. Association for Computing Machinery and The Association for Computational Linguistics, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  17. . L. Waltz. A parallel model for low-level vision. In A. R. Hanson and E. M. Riseman, editors, Computer Vision Systems. Academic Press: New York, 1978, pp. 149–156.

    Google Scholar 

  18. D. L. Waltz and L. Boggess. Visual Analog Representations for Natural Language Understanding. In Proc. of IJCAI-79 (International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence), Tokyo, 1979, pp 926–934.

    Google Scholar 

  19. B.L. Whorf. Language, Thought and Reality. Cambridge, The MIT Press, 1956.

    Google Scholar 

  20. T. Winograd. On Primitives, Prototypes, and Other Semantic Anomalies. In D. L. Waltz, editor, TINLAP-2: Theoretical Issues in Natural Language Processing-2. Association for Computing Machinery and The Association for Computational Linguistics, 1978, pp. 25–32.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Waltz, D.L. (1993). Relating Images, Concepts, and Words. In: Sterling, L.S. (eds) Intelligent Systems. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2836-4_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2836-4_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-6227-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-2836-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics