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Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and its type 1 inhibitor (PAI-1): Regulators of proteolysis during cancer invasion and prognostic parameters in Breast cancer

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Mammary Tumorigenesis and Malignant Progression

Part of the book series: Cancer Treatment and Research ((CTAR,volume 71))

Abstract

In order to invade and spread, cancer cells must degrade extracellular matrix proteins. This degradation is catalyzed by the concerted action of several enzymes, including metalloproteases such as interstitial collagenases, type IV collagenases and stromelysins [1], and serine proteases such as plasmin [2]. Plasmin is formed from its precursor, plasminogen, by two activators: tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), which is involved in thrombolysis [3], and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), which plays a central role in tissue remodeling, including cancer invasion [2]. The activation of plasminogen is regulated by two specific plasminogen activator inhibitors (PAI-1 and PAI-2) [4]. Both uPA and PAI-1 are present in breast cancer tissue, and it was recently found that high levels of uPA [5–8] and PAI-1 [8,9] in breast cancer tissue are each associated with poor prognosis.

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Authors
  1. Nils Brünner
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  2. Charles Pyke
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  3. Claus Holst Hansen
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  4. John Rømer
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  1. Lombardi Cancer Research Center, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA

    Robert B. Dickson  & Marc E. Lippman  & 

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Brünner, N., Pyke, C., Hansen, C.H., Rømer, J., Grøndahl-Hansen, J., Danø, K. (1994). Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and its type 1 inhibitor (PAI-1): Regulators of proteolysis during cancer invasion and prognostic parameters in Breast cancer. In: Dickson, R.B., Lippman, M.E. (eds) Mammary Tumorigenesis and Malignant Progression. Cancer Treatment and Research, vol 71. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2592-9_16

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