Abstract
Over many years, a wealth of neurochemical and histological studies have established that type I (or glomus) cells, which lie in synaptic contact with afferent chemosensory nerve endings within the carotid body, are the primary sites of chemodetection. These cells contain various neurotransmitters (dopamine generally being accepted as the most important) which are released in response to both physiological and pharmacological stimuli. The good correlation between stimulus intensity, transmitter release and afferent chemosensory nerve discharge strongly suggests that release of transmitter(s) from type I cells is a fundamental step in the transduction of chemostimuli in the carotid body (Fidone & Gonzalez, 1986; Fidone et al., 1990; Gonzalez et al, 1992).
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Biscoe, T. J. &Duchen, M. R. (1989). Electrophysiological responses of dissociated type I cells of the rabbit carotid body to cyanide. J. Physiol. 413: 447–468.
Biscoe, T. J. &Duchen, M. R. (1990a). Responses of type I cells dissociated from the rabbit carotid body to hypoxia. J. Physiol. 428: 39–59.
Biscoe, T. J. &Duchen, M. R. (1990b). Monitoring pO2 by the carotid chemoreceptor. News in Physiol. Sci. 5:229–233.
Buckler, K.J. &Vaughan-Jones, R.D. (1993a). Increasing pCO2 raises [Ca2+]i through voltage-gated Caz entry in isolated carotid body glomus cells of the neonatal rat. J. Physiol. 459:272P.
Buckler, K.J. &Vaughan-Jones, R.D. (1993b). Effects of acidic stimuli on intracellular calcium in isolated type-I cells of the neonatal rat carotid body. Pflugers Archiv. (in press).
Buckler, K.J., Vaughan-Jones, R.D., Peers, C. &Nye, P. C. G. (1991a). Intracellular pH and its regulation in isolated type I carotid body cells of the neonatal rat. J. Physiol. 436:107–129.
Buckler, K.J., Vaughan-Jones, R.D., Peers, C. Lagadic-Gossmann, D. &Nye, P. C. G. (1991b). Effects of extracellular pH, pCO2 and HCO3- on intracellular pH in isolated type-I cells of the neonatal rat carotid body. J. Physiol. 444:703–721.
Cook, D. L., Ikeuchi, M. &Fuyimoto, D. W. (1984). Lowering of pH inhibits Ca2+-activated K+ channels in pancreatic beta cells. Nature 311:269–271.
Cross, A. R., Henderson, L., Jones, O. T. G., Delpiano, M. A., Hentschel, J. &Acker, H. (1990). Involvement of an NAD(P)H oxidase as a pO2 sensor protein in the rat carotid body. Biochem. J. 272:743–747.
Delpiano, M.A. &Acker, H. (1991). Hypoxia increases the cyclic AMP content of the cat carotid body in vitro. J. Neurochem. 57:291–297.
Delpiano, M.A. &Hescheler, J. (1989). Evidence for a pO2-sensitive K+ channel in the type-I cell of the rabbit carotid body. FEBS Lett. 249:195–198.
Donnelly, D. F. (1993). Electrochemical detection of catecholamine release from rat carotid body in vitro. J. Appl. Physiol. 74:2330–2337.
Donnelly, D. F. &Kholwadwala, D. (1992). Hypoxia decreases intracellular calcium in adult rat carotid body glomus cells. J. Neurophysiol. 67:1543–1551.
Duchen, M. R. &Biscoe, T. J. (1992a). Mitochondrial function in type I cells isolated from rabbit arterial chemoreceptors. J. Physiol. 450:13–31.
Duchen, M. R. &Biscoe, T. J. (1992b). Relative mitochondrial membrane potential and [Ca2+]i in type I cells isolated from the rabbit carotid body. J. Physiol. 450:33–61.
Duchen, M. R., Caddy, K. W. T., Kirby, G. C., Patterson, D. L., Ponte, J. &Biscoe, T. J. (1988). Biophysical studies of the cellular elements of the rabbit carotid body. Neuroscience 26: 291–311.
Fidone, S. &Gonzalez, C. (1986). Initiation and control of chemoreceptor activity in the carotid body. In “The Respiratory System”, Handbook of Physiology, N. S. Cherniack &J. G. Widdicombe, eds., Am Physiol. Soc., Bethesda, MD.
Fidone, S., Gonzalez, C., Obeso, A., Gomez-Nino, A. &Dinger, B. (1990). Biogenic amine and neuropeptide transmitters in carotid body chemotransmission: Experimental findings and perspectives. In “Hypoxia: The Adaptations” J. R. Sutton, G. Coattes &J. E. Remmers, eds., Marcel-Decker, London.
Fishman, M. C., Greene, W. L. &Platika, D. (1985). Oxygen chemoreception by carotid body cells in culture. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:1448–1450.
Ganfornina, M. D. &Lopez-Barneo, J. (1991). Single K+ channels in membrane patches of arterial chemoreceptor cells are modulated by O2 tension. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:2927–2930.
Ganfornina, M. D. &Lopez-Barneo, J. (1992). Potassium channel types in arterial chemoreceptor cells and their selective modulation by oxygen. J. Gen. Physiol. 100:401–426.
Gonzalez, C., Almarez, L., Obeso, A. &Rigual, R. (1992). Oxygen and acid chemoreception in the carotid body chemoreceptors. Trends in Neurosci. 15: 146–153.
Hamill, O. P., Marty, A., Neher, E., Sakmann, B. &Sigworth, F. J. (1981). Improved patch-clamp techniques for high resolution current recording from cells and cell-free membrane patches. Pflugers Archiv. 391:85–100.
Hescheler, J., Delpiano, M. A., Acker, H. &Pietruschka, F. (1989). Ionic currents on type-I cells of the rabbit carotid body measured by voltage-clamp experiments and the effect of hypoxia. Brain Res. 486:79–88.
Horn, R. &Marty, A. (1988). Muscarinic activation of ionic currents measured by a new whole-cell recording method. J. Gen. Physiol. 92:145–159.
Kholwadwala, D. &Donnelly, D.F. (1992). Maturation of carotid chemoreceptor sensitivity to hypoxia: in vitro studies in the newborn rat. J. Physiol. 453:461–474.
Llinas, R., Sugimori, M., Lin, J. W., &Chrksey, B., (1989). Blocking and isolation of a calcium channel from neurons in mammals and cephalopods utilizing a toxin fraction (FTX) from funnel-web spider poison. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:1689–1693.
Lopez-Barneo, J., Lopez-Lopez, J.R., Urena, J. &Gonzalez, C. (1988). Chemotransduction in the carotid body: K+ current modulation modulated by pO2 in type I carotid body cells. Science 241:580–582.
Lopez-Lopez, J. &Gonzalez, C. (1992). Time course of K+ current inhibition by low oxygen in chemoreceptor cells of adult rabbit carotid body. Effect of carbon monoxide. FEBS Lett. 299:251–254.
Lopez-Lopez, J., Gonzalez, C., Urena, J. &Lopez-Barneo, J. (1989). Low pO2 selectively inhibits K channel activity in chemoreceptor cells of the mammalian carotid body. J. Gen. Physiol. 93:1001–1015.
Lopez-Lopez, J., De Luis, D. A. &Gonzalez, C. (1993). Properties of a transient K+ current in chemoreceptor cells of rabbit carotid body. J. Physiol. 460:15–32.
Nowycky, M. C., Fox, A. P. &Tsien, R. W. (1985). Three types of neuronal calcium channel with different calcium agonist sensitivity. Nature 316:440–443.
Obeso, A., Fidone, S. &Gonzalez, C. (1987). Pathways for calcium entry into type I cells: significance for the secretory response. In “Chemoreceptors in Respiratory Control.” J. A. Ribeiro &D. J. Pallot eds, Croom Helm, London.
Obeso, A., Rocher, A., Fidone, S. &Gonzalez, C. (1992). The role of dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca2+ channels in stimulus-evoked catecholamine release from chemoreceptor cells of the carotid body. Neuroscience 47:463–472.
Oyama, Y., Walker, J. L. &Eyzaguirre, C. (1986). The intracellular chloride activity of glomus cells in the isolated rabbit carotid body. Brain Res. 368:167–169.
Peers, C. (1990a). Selective effect of lowered extracellular pH on Ca2+-dependent K+ currents in type I cells isolated from the neonatal rat carotid body. J. Physiol. 422: 381–395.
Peers, C. (1990b). Hypoxic suppression of K+ currents in type I carotid body cells: selective effect on the Ca2+-activated K+ current. Neurosci. Lett. 119:253–256.
Peers, C. (1990c). Effects of D600 on hypoxic suppression of K currents in isolated type I carotid body cells of the neonatal rat. FEBS Lett. 271: 37–40.
Peers, C. (1991). Effects of doxapram on ionic currents in isolated type I cells of the neonatal rat. Brain Res. 568:116–122.
Peers, C. &Green, F.K. (1991). Intracellular acidosis inhibits Ca+-activated K+ currents in isolated type I cells of the neonatal rat carotid body. J. Physiol. 437:589–602.
Peers, C. &O’Donnell, J. (1990). Potassium currents recorded in type I carotid body cells isolated from the neontal rat and their modulation by chemoexcitatory agents. Brain Res. 522:259–266.
Perez-Garcia, M. T., Almaraz, L. &Gonzalez, C. (1991). Cyclic AMP modulates differentially the release of dopamine induced by hypoxia and other stimuli and increases dopamine synthesis in the rabbit carotid body. J. Neurochem. 57:1992–2000.
Pietruschka, F. (1985). Calcium influx in cultured carotid body cells is stimulated by acetylcholine and hypoxia. Brain Res. 347:140–143.
Rigual, R., Gonzalez, E., Fidone, S. &Gonzalez, C. (1984). Effects of low pH on synthesis and release of catecholamines in the cat carotid body in vitro. Brain Res. 309:178–181.
Rocher, A., Obeso, A., Gonzalez, C. &Herreros, B. (1991). Ionic mechanisms for the transduction of acidic stimuli in rabbit carotid body glomus cells. J. Physiol. 433:533–548.
Rudy, B. (1988). Diversity and ubiquity of K channels. Neurosci. 25:729–749.
Sato, M., Ikeda, K., Yoshizaki, K. &Koyano, H. (1991). Response of cytosolic calcium to anoxia and cyanide in cultured glomus cells of newborn rabbit carotid body. Brain Res. 551: 327–330.
Shaw, K., Montague, W. &Pallot, D. J. (1989). Biochemical studies on the release of catecholamines from the rat carotid body in vitro. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1013:42–46.
Shirahata, M. &Fitzgerald, R. S. (1991). Dependency of hypoxic chemotransduction in cat carotid body on voltage-gated calcium channels. J. Appl. Physiol. 71:1062–1069.
Stea, A., Alexander, S. A. &Nurse, C. A. (1991). Effects of pHi and pHe on membrane currents recorded with the perforated-patch method from cultured chemoreceptors of the rat carotid body. Brain Res. 567:83–90.
Stea, A., Jackson, A. &Nurse, C. A. (1992). Hypoxia and N6,O2’-dibutyryladenosine 3’,5’-cyclic monophosphate, but not nerve growth factor, induce Na+ channels and hypertrophy in chromaffin-like arterial chemoreceptors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:9469–9473.
Stea, A. &Nurse, C. A. (1989). Chloride channels in cultured glomus cells of the rat carotid body. Am. J. Physiol. 257:C174–C181.
Stea, A. &Nurse, C. A. (1991a). Whole-cell and perforated-patch recordings from O2-sensitive rat carotid body cells grown in short- and long-term culture. Pflugers Arch. 418:93–101.
Stea ,A. &Nurse, C. A. (1991b). Contrasting effects of HEPES vs HCO3—buffered media on whole-cell currents in cultured chemoreceptors of the rat carotid body. Neurosci. Lett. 132:239–242.
Swandulla, D., Carbone, E. &Lux, H. D. (1991). Do calcium channel classifications account for neuronal calcium channel diversity? Trends in Neurosci. 14:46–51.
Tsien, R. W., Lipscombe, D., Madison, D. V., Bley, K. R. &Fox, A.P. (1988). Multiple types of neuronal calcium channels and their selective modulation. Trends in Neurosci. 11:431–438.
Urena, I, Lopez-Lopez, I, Gonzalez, C. &Lopez-Barneo, J. (1989). Ionic currents in dispersed chemoreceptor cells of the mammalian carotid body. J. Gen. Physiol. 93:979–999.
Wang, W.-J., Cheng, G.-F., Yoshizaki, K., Dinger, B. &Fidone, S. (1991). The role of cyclic AMP in chemoreception in the rabbit carotid body. Brain Res. 540:96–104.
Wyatt, C.N. &Peers, C. (1992). Modulation of ionic currents in isolated type I cells of the neonatal rat carotid body by p-chloromercuribenzenesulfonic acid. Brain Res. 591:341–344.
Wyatt, C.N. &Peers, C. (1993). Actions of doxapram on Ca2+-activated K+ channels from isolated type I carotid body cells of the neonatal rat. Br. J. Pharmacol. (in press).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Peers, C. (1994). Ionic Channels in Type I Carotid Body Cells. In: O’Regan, R.G., Nolan, P., McQueen, D.S., Paterson, D.J. (eds) Arterial Chemoreceptors. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 360. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2572-1_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2572-1_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-6099-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-2572-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive