Abstract
Before the advent of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) and percutaneous nephrostolithotomy, patients underwent open surgical procedures for the removal of their stone burden. A successful surgical procedure was defined as complete removal of all stones without leaving any residual stone fragments. Patients with residual calculi were considered as treatment failures.
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References
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© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media New York
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Fine, J.K., Pak, C.Y.C., Preminger, G.M. (1994). Effect of Medical Management and Residual Fragments on Recurrent Stone Formation Following Extra-Corporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy. In: Ryall, R., Bais, R., Marshall, V.R., Rofe, A.M., Smith, L.H., Walker, V.R. (eds) Urolithiasis 2. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2556-1_194
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2556-1_194
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-6091-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-2556-1
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