Skip to main content

Population and Delivery Systems: Variability in Pharmacokevettcs of Long-Acting Injectable Contraceptives

  • Chapter
Steroid Contraceptives and Women’s Response

Part of the book series: Reproductive Biology ((RBIO))

Abstract

Following the development and widespread use of oral hormonal contraceptives, it became evident that long-acting formulations of hormonal contraceptives could provide additional contraceptive options in some cultural settings where injectable or subdermal routes of administration are preferred. Despite a somewhat controversial history, longacting contraceptives presently constitute an important option in family planning services1. Indeed, more than seven million women around the world are currently using long-acting injectable and implantable steroidal contraceptives, mostly in developing countries, and the number of users is increasing2.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Anderson KE, Conney AH, Kappas A. Nutrition as an environmental influence on chemical metabolism in man. Ethnic Differences in Reactions to Drugs and Xenobiotics. pp. 39-45.1986.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Bardin CW, et. al. NorplantR contraceptive implants. In Fertility Regulation Today and Tomorrow. Diczfalusy E, Bygdeman M (eds.). Raven Press, New York. pp. 119–141. 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bassol S, et. al. Ovarian function following a single administration of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) at different doses. Fertil Steril 42:216–222. 1984.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Cravioto MC, et. al. Depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate and norethisterone enantate in obese and thin women (Unpublished data).

    Google Scholar 

  5. Facts about injectable contraceptives: Memorandum from a WHO Meeting. Bull WHO 60:199–210. 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Fotherby K, et. al. Plasma levels of norethisterone after single and multiple injections of norethisterone oenanthate. Contraception 60:1–6. 1978.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Fotherby K, et. al. A preliminary pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of Depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate and norethisterone enanthate. Fertil Steril 34:131–139. 1980.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Fotherby K, Koetsawang S. Metabolism of injectable formulations of contraceptive steroids in obese and thin women. Contraception 26(1):51–58. 1982.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Fotherby K. Factors affecting the duration of action of the injectable contraceptive norethisterone enantate. Contraception 2:249–257. 1981.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Fotherby K, Koetsawang S, Mathrubutham M. Pharmacokinetic study of different doses of Depoprovera. Contraception 22:527–536. 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Gabelnick HL. Biodegradable implants: Alternative approaches. In Advances in Human Fertility and Reproductive Endocrinology. Mishell Jr., DR (ed.). Raven Press, New York. 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Garza-Flores J, et. al. A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of norethisterone enanthate in Mexican women. Contraception 1990 (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  13. Goebelsman V, et. al. Serum norethisterone (NET) concentrations following intramuscular NET enanthate injection: Effect upon serum LH, FSH, estradiol and progesterone. Contraception 19: 283–313. 1979.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Hall PE, d’Arcangues C. Long-acting methods of fertility regulation, World Health Organization, Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction. Research in Human Reproduction Biennial Report 1986–1987. pp. 129-150. 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Kissebah AH, et. al. Relations of body fat distribution to metabolic complications of obesity. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 54(2):192–254. 1982. (sic)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Krotkiewski M, et. al. Impact of obesity on metabolism in men and women: Importance of regional adipose tissue distribution. J Clin Invest 72:1150–1162. 1983.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. McDaniel EB, Gray RH, Pardthaisong T. Method failure pregnancy rates with Depo-provera and a local substitute. Lancet i:1293. 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Rowe PJ. Steroid-releasing vaginal rings. A review. In Fertility and Sterility. Harrison RF, Bonnar J, Thompson W (eds.). MTP Press Ltd, Lancaster, UK. pp. 301–309. 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Sang GW. Personal communication (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  20. Sang GW, et. al. Pharmacokinetics of norethisterone oenanthate in humans. Contraception 24:15–27. 1981.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Toppozada M. Norethisterone (Norethindrone) enanthate clinical studies. In Long-Acting Contraceptive Delivery Systems. Zatuchni GI, Goldsmith A, Shelton JD, Sciarra JJ (eds.). Harper and Row: Philadelphia. pp. 502–514. 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  22. World Health Organization, Task Force on Long-Acting Systemic Agents for Fertility Regulation: A multinational comparative clinical trial of long-acting injectable contraceptives; norethisterone enantate given in two dosage regimens and depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate — final report. Contraception 28:1–20. 1983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. World Health Organization, Task Force on Long-Acting Systemic Agents for Fertility Regulation: A multicentred phase III comparative trial of 150 mg and 100 mg of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate given every three months: Efficacy and side-effects. Contraception 34:223–235. 1986.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. World Health Organization, Task Force on Long-Acting Systemic Agents for Fertility Regulation, Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction: A multicentred pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic study of once-a-month injectable contraceptives. I. Different doses of HRP 112 and of Depo-provera. Contraception 36:441–457. 1987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. World Health Organization, Task Force on Long-Acting Systemic Agents for Fertility Regulation, Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction: A multicentred pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic study of once-a-month injectable contraceptives. II. Different doses of HRP 102 and of norethisterone enanthate. Contraception 1990 (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  26. World Health Organization, Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction. Research in Human Reproduction, Biennial Report 1988–1989. pp. 17-40. 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  27. World Health Organization, Special Programme of Research, Development, and Research Training in Human Reproduction; Task Force on Long-Acting Systemic Agents for the Regulation of Fertility: Multinational comparative clinical evaluation of two long-acting injectable contraceptive steroids: norethisterone oenanthate and medroxyprogesterone acetate. Contraception 15(5):513–533. 1977.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Zalanyi S, Sandgren BM, Johannison E. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamic and endometrial effects of a single dose of 200 mg norethisterone enanthate. Contraception 30:225–237. 1984.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Zhou HH, Adedoyin A, Wilkinson GR. Differences in plasma binding of drugs between Caucasians and Chinese subjects. Pharmacokinetics and Drug Disposition 48:10–17. 1990.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1994 Plenum Press, New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Garza-Flores, J., Guo-Wei, S., Hall, P.E. (1994). Population and Delivery Systems: Variability in Pharmacokevettcs of Long-Acting Injectable Contraceptives. In: Snow, R., Hall, P. (eds) Steroid Contraceptives and Women’s Response. Reproductive Biology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2445-8_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2445-8_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-306-44718-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-2445-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics