Abstract
Sugar is the sweet-tasting crystallized saccharide extracted from sugar cane or sugar beet. Both the beet and the cane produce an absolutely identical natural substance, which is chemically termed ‘sucrose’ or ‘saccharose’. Sugar is a disaccharide, composed of the chemically linked monosaccharides glucose and fructose. This linkage, however, may be cleaved hydrolytically by acids or by the enzyme invertase (β-D-fructo-furanosidase). The resulting mixture consisting of equal parts of glucose and fructose is called invert sugar.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Referance
Hoffmann, H., Mauch, W. and Untze, W. Zucker und Zuckerwaren. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin (1985).
Meade. G.P. and Chen, J.C.P. Cane Sugar Handbook. 1 Ith edn., John Wiley, New York (1985).
Diefenthäler, T. Zucker- und Süßwarenwirtschaft , 27 (1974) 238, 240, 255–257.
Keim, W. ‘Anforderungen an die Silolagerung von Zucker’. Paper given at the international seminar ‘Schoko-Technik’, Central College of the Germany Confectionery Trade, Solingen, 5 December 1983.
Gaupp, E. Kakao und Zucker 11 (1972) 456–458.
Tills, J.W. ‘An introduction to pneumatic conveying with particular reference to granular sugar’. Brit. Sugar Corp. 20th Techn. Conf1970.
Neumann, E. Zucker- und Süsswarenwirtschaft 27 (1974) 200, 202–203, 206.
Rumpf, H. Chem-Ing. Techn. 31 (1959) 323–337.
Niediek, E.A. Zuckerindustrie 21 (1971) 432–439, 492–498; 22 (1972) 21–31.
Heidenreich, E. and Huth, W. Lebensmittel-Ind. 23 (1976) 495–499.
Roth, D. Zucker 30 (1977) 464–470.
Schneider, G. Zucker 22 (1969) 166–171, 473–479, 573–577.
Dietl, H. Zucker 14 (1961) 594–599.
Anon. Sugar y Acucar 72 (5) (1977) 55–57.
Powers, H.E.C. Intern. Sugar J. 82 (1980) 315.
Van Hook, A: Sugar J. 43 (12) (1981) 31–32.
Niediek, E.A. Zucker- und Süsswarenwirtschaft 34 (1981) 44–57.
Pirsch, L.A., Schubiger, G. -F. and Rostagno, W. Brit. Patent 12 199996 (1969).
van Esch, J. ‘Regulatory aspects of low digestibility carbohydrates’. Low Digestibility Carbohydrates (Leegwater D.C., Feron, V.J. and Hermus, R.J.J., eds) Pudoc Wageningen, (1987) 128–133.
Kammerer, F.X. Kakao und Zucker 11 (1972) 184–190.
Anon. ‘Morinaga begins selling sugarless chocolate using date as sweetening’. Conf. Prod. 47 (1981) 62.
Hogenbirk, G. Man. Conf. 65 (10) (1985) 27–34.
Askar, A. and Treptow, H. Ernährungs-Umschau 32 (1985) 135–141.
Kaga, T. and Minzutani, T. Proc. Res. Soc. Japan. Sugar Ref. Technol. 34 (1985) 45–57.
Liebrand, J. and Smiles, R. Manuf Conf 61 (1981) (Nov.) 35–40.
Carpenter, J. Manuf. Conf. 64 (1984) (May) 63–67.
Arntzen, G. Zucker- und Süßwarenwirtschaft 45 (1992) 406–408.
Caliari, R. Manuf. Conf 63 (1983) (Nov.) 25–30.
Voirol, F. ‘Fructose und Polyalkohole in Diät- und Spezialprodukten’. Paper given at the International Confectionery Symposium, Central College of the German Confectionery Trade, Solingen, 30 October 1985.
Olinger, Ph.M. Manuf. Conf 70 (1990) (May) 127–131.
Makinen, K.K. Conf. Prod. 3 (1977) (Nov) 464–466.
Scheinin, A., Banoczy, J., Szôke, J. Esztari, I., Pienihäkinen, K. Scheinin, U., Tiekso, J. Zimmermann, P. and Hadas, E. Acta Odont. Scand. 43 (1985) 327–348.
Kandelmann, D., Hefti, A. and Bär, A. Caries Res. 22 (1988) 55–62.
Lichtel, R. ‘Maltit-Eigenschaften und Anwendungs möglichkeiten’. Paper given at the International Seminar ‘Ernährungsphysiologisch angepasste Süsswaren’ of the Central College of the German Confectionery Trade, Solingen, 9 October 1985.
Bollinger, H. and Kerne, T. Zucker- und Süßwarenwirtschaft 41 (1988) 23–27.
von Rymon Lipinski, G.-W. Alimenta 25 (1986) 119.
Krüger, Ch, Sievers, B. and Vonhoff, U. Zucker- und Süsswarenwirtschaft 40 (1987) 7–13.
Krüger, Ch. Süsswaren 33 (1989) 245–248, 316–319.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Krüger, C. (1994). Sugar. In: Beckett, S.T. (eds) Industrial Chocolate Manufacture and Use. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2111-2_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2111-2_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-5879-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-2111-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive