Skip to main content

Metal Ion Separations in Polyethylene Glycol-Based Aqueous Biphasic Systems

  • Chapter
Aqueous Biphasic Separations

Abstract

Solvent extraction, utilizing an oil/water mixture (e.g., chloroform/water) and a suitable complexant, is a proven technology for the selective removal and recovery of metal ions from aqueous solutions.1,2 Solving the increasing number of metal ion separation problems has typically focused on finding an appropriate selective extractant, making it as lipophilic as possible, and determining the best diluent. This has often meant the use of expensive extractants and volatile, toxic, organic diluents. In addition, the extracted species is usually dehydrated and partitioned as an ion pair. Whole classes of water soluble extractants cannot be utilized in these systems.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. T. Sekine and Y. Hasegawa. “Solvent Extraction Chemistry. Fundamentals and Applications,” Marcel Dekker, New York (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  2. “Principles and Practices of Solvent Extraction,” J. Rydberg, C. Musikas, and G.R. Choppin, eds., Marcel Dekker, New York (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  3. R.D. Rogers, A.H. Bond, and C.B. Bauer, Metal ion separations in polyethylene glycol-based aqueous biphasic systems, Sep. Sci. Technol. 28:1091 (1993).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. P.-A. Albertsson. “Partition of Cell Particles and Macromolecules,” 3rd ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  5. “Methods in Enzymology. Aqueous Two-Phase Systems,” Vol. 228, H. Walter and G. Johansson, eds., Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, CA (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  6. “Partitioning in Aqueous Two-Phase Systems. Theory, Methods, Uses, and Applications to Biotechnology,” H. Walter, D.E. Brooks, and D. Fisher, eds., Academic Press, Orlando, FL (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  7. R.D. Rogers, C.B. Bauer, and A.H. Bond, Novel polyethylene glycol-based aqueous biphasic systems for the extraction of strontium and cesium, Sep. Sci. Technol. in press (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  8. R.D. Rogers, A.H. Bond, and C.B. Bauer, The crown ether extraction of group 1 and 2 cations in polyethylene glycol-based aqueous biphasic systems at high alkalinity, Pure App!. Chem. 65:567 (1993).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. R.D. Rogers, A.H. Bond, and C.B. Bauer, Aqueous biphase systems for liquid/liquid extraction of f-elements utilizing polyethylene glycols, Sep. Sci. Technol. 28:139 (1993).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. R.D. Rogers, C.B. Bauer, and A.H. Bond, Crown ethers as actinide extractants in acidic aqueous biphasic systems: partitioning behavior in solution and crystallographic analyses of the solid state, J. Alloys Compd. 213/214:305 (1994).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. R.D. Rogers, A.H. Bond, and C.B. Bauer, Polyethylene glycol-based aqueous biphasic systems for liquid/liquid extraction of environmentally toxic heavy metals, in: “Solvent Extraction in the Process Industries, Proceedings of ISEC’93,” Vol. 3, pp. 1641–1648, D.H. Logsdail and M.J. Slater, eds., Elsevier Applied Science, London (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  12. C.B. Bauer and R.D. Rogers, The design of metal ion specific extractants for use in polyethylene glycol-based aqueous biphasic systems, paper presented at the 207th American Chemical Society National Meeting, San Diego, CA (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  13. M.J. Kupfer, Disposal of Hanford site tank waste, Report WHC-SA-1576-FP, Westinghouse Hanford Company, Richland, WA (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  14. W.W. Schulz and E.P. Horwitz, The TRUEX process and the management of liquid TRU waste, Sep. Sci. Technol. 23:1191 (1988).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. D.M. Roden, Y. Song, M.L. Jezl, C.B. Bauer, A.H. Bond, and R.D. Rogers, Pertechnetate partitioning in polyethylene glycol-based aqueous biphasic systems: applications from nuclear medicine to nuclear waste, paper presented at the 207th American Chemical Society National Meeting, San Diego, CA (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  16. E.P. Horwitz, M.L. Dietz, and D.E. Fisher, Extraction of strontium from nitric acid solutions using dicyclohexano-I8-crown-6 and its derivatives, Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. 8:557 (1990).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. E.P. Horwitz, M.L. Dietz, and D.E. Fisher, SREX: a new process for the extraction and recovery of strontium from acidic nuclear waste streams, Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. 9:1 (1991).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. K.P. Ananthapadmanabhan and E.D. Goddard, Aqueous biphase formation in polyethylene oxide-inorganic salt systems, Langmuir 3:25 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. R.D. Rogers and C.B. Bauer, unpublished results (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  20. “The Chemistry of the Actinide Elements,” J.J. Katz, G.T. Seaborg, and L.R. Morss, eds., Chapman and Hall, London (1986).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  21. K. L. Nash, A review of the basic chemistry and recent developments in trivalent f-elements separations, Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. 11:729 (1993).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. N.P. Molochnikova, B.F. Frenkel’, B.F. Myasoedov, V.M. Shkinev, B.Ya. Spivakov, and Yu.A. Zolotov, Extraction of americium in different oxidation states in a two-phase aqueous system based on poly(ethylene glycol), Radiokhimiya 29:39 (1987).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. N.P. Molochnikova, V.Ya. Frenkel’, B.F. Myasoedov, V.M. Shkinev, B.Ya. Spivakov, and Yu.A. Zolotov, Extraction of actinides into aqueous polyethylene glycol solutions from carbonate media in the presence of Alizarin Complexone, Radiokhimiya 29:330 (1987).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. N.P. Molochnikova, V.M. Shkinev, B.Ya. Spivakov, Yu.A. Zolotov, and B.F. Myasoedov, Extraction of actinide and lanthanide complexonates in potassium carbonate-poly(ethylene glycol)-water two-phase aqueous system, Radiokhimiya 30:60 (1988).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. N.P. Molochnikova, V.Ya. Frenkel, and B.F. Myasoedov, Extraction of actinides in two-phase waterpoly(ethylene glycol)-salt systems in the presence of potassium phosphotungstate, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 121:409 (1988).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. B.F. Myasoedov, N.P. Molochnikova, V.M. Shkinev, T.I. Zvarova, B.Ya. Spivakov, and Yu.A. Zolotov, Extraction of complexes of actinides with water-soluble organic reagents in two-phase aqueous systems of salt-poly(ethylene glycol)-water, in: “Proceedings of the International Symposium on Actinide/Lanthanide Separations,” pp. 164–175, G.R. Choppin, J.D. Navratil, and W.W. Schulz, eds., World Scientific, Singapore (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  27. T.I. Nifant’eva, V.M. Shkinev, B.Ya. Spivakov, and Yu.A. Zolotov, Metal extraction in two-phase aqueous systems of the polymer-polymer-salt-water type, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 308:879 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  28. V.M. Shkinev, N.P. Molochnikova, T.I. Zvarova, B.Ya. Spivakov, B.F. Myasoedov, and Yu.A. Zolotov, Extraction of complexes of lanthanides and actinides with Arsenazo III in an ammonium sulfatepoly(ethylene glycol)-water two-phase system, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 88:115 (1985).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. T.I. Zvarova, V.M. Shkinev, B.Ya. Spivakov, and Yu.A. Zolotov, Liquid extraction in the system aqueous salt solution-aqueous polyethylene glycol solution, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 273:107 (1983)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. T.I. Zvarova, V.M. Shkinev, G.A. Vorob’eva, B.Ya. Spivakov, and Yu.A. Zolotov, Liquid-liquid extraction in the absence of usual organic solvents: application of two-phase aqueous systems based on a water-soluble polymer, Mikrochim. Acta III:449 (1984).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. G. Bombieri, G. De Paoli, and A. Immitzi, Crown ether complexes of actinide elements. An X-ray study of the conformational change of the crown ether within the uranyl nitrate dihydrate 18-crown-6 molecule, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 40:799 (1978).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. H.S. Du, D.J. Wood, S. Elshani, and C.M. Wai, Separation of thorium from lanthanides by solvent extraction with ionizable crown ethers, Talanta 40:173 (1993).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. P.G. Eller and R.A. Penneman, Synthesis and structure of the 1:1 uranyl nitrate tetrahydrate-l8-crown-6 compound, UO2(ND3)Z(H20)2• 2H2O•(18-crown-6). Noncoordination of uranyl by the crown ether, Inorg. Chem. 15:2439 (1976).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. P.L. Ritger, J.H. Bums, and G. Bombieri, Crystal and molecular structure of UO2(NO3)2(H2O)z(12crown-4): correction of the reported structure, lnorg. Chim. Acta 77:L217 (1983).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. R.D. Rogers, L.K. Kurihara, and M.M. Benning, f-Element/crown ether complexes. 10. Oxidation of UC14 to [UO2Cl4]2- in the presence of crown ethers: structural characterization of crown ether complexed ammonium ions 1(N114)(15-crown-5)2]2[UO2C14]•2CH3CN, [(N1–14)(benzo-15-crown5)2]2[UC16]•4CH3CN, and [(NH4)(dibenzo-18-crown-6)]2[UO2C14]•2CH3CN and synthesis of [Na(12crown-4)2]2[UO2C14]•20I-IMe and [UO2C12(OH2)3]•18-crown-6•H2O•OHMe, Inorg. Chem. 26:4346 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. R.D. Rogers, A.H. Bond, W.G. Hipple, A.N. Rollins, and R.F. Henry, Synthesis and structural elucidation of novel uranyl-crown ether compounds isolated from nitric, hydrochloric, sulfuric, and acetic acids, Inorg. Chem. 30:2671 (1991).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. R.D. Rogers, A.H. Bond, and W.G. Hippie, Synthesis and crystal structure of [UO2(NO3)2(O1–12)2]•2(benzo-15-crown-5),J. Cryst. Spec. Res. 22:365 (1992).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. E.P. Horwitz, M.L. Dietz, H.D. Diamond, R.D. Rogers, and R.A. Leonard, Combined TRU-Sr extraction/recovery process, in: “Solvent Extraction in the Process Industries, Proceedings of ISEC’93,” Vol. 3, pp. 1805–1812, D.H. Logsdail and M.J. Slater, eds., Elsevier Applied Science, London (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  39. B.Ya. Spivakov, V.M. Shkinev, L.I. Sklokin, and Yu.A. Zolotov, personal communication (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  40. J. Jurkeviciute and M. Malat, Extraction of complex iodide anions with cationogenic tensides. Extraction spectrophotometric determination of divalent mercury, Chem. Zvesti 36:91 (1982).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. M.E. Hofton and D.P. Hubbard, The determination of trace amounts of lead in high-alloy steels by solvent extraction and atomic absorption spectroscopy, Anal. Chim. Acta 52:425 (1970).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. H.A. Mottola and E.B. Sandell, Extraction of bismuth as iodide with isoamyl acetate and isoamyl alcohol, Anal. Chico. Acta 24:301 (1961).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Yu.M. Yukhin and A.P. Korzhov, Extraction of bismuth from chloride and bromide media by tri-n-butyl phosphate, Zh. Neorg. Khim. 22:755 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. K. Hasebe and M. Taga, A solvent extraction-spectrophotometric determination of bismuth(III) as tetran-butylammonium tetraiodobismuthate, Talanta 29:1135 (1982).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. E.M. Donaldson and M. Wang, Methyl isobutyl ketone extraction of iodide complexes from sulphuric acid-potassium iodide media and back-extraction into an aqueous phase, Talanta 33:35 (1986).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. D.T. Burns and N. Tungkananuruk, Spectrophotometric determination of bismuth after extraction of hexadecyltributylphosphonium tetraiodobismuthate(III) by microcrystalline benzophenone, Anal. Chim. Acta 197:285 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. D.T. Burns and D. Chimpalee, Spectrophotometric determination of bismuth after extraction of 1naphthylmethyltriphenylphosphonium tetraiodobismuthate(III), Anal. Chim. Acta 211:305 (1988).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. D.T. Bums, N. Chimpalee, and M. Harriott, Flow-injection extraction spectrophotometric determination of bismuth as tetraiodobismuthate(III) with tetramethylenebis(triphenylphosphonium) cation, Anal. Chim. Acta 225:449 (1989).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. A. Ghosh, K.S. Patel, and R.K. Mishra, Extraction spectrophotometric determination of bismuth(III) with iodide and amidines, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 62:3675 (1989).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. R.G. Vibhute and S.M. Khopkar, Solvent extraction of antimony(III) with 18-crown-6 from iodide media, Talanta 36:957 (1989).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. R.D. Rogers and A.H. Bond, Polyethylene glycol-based aqueous biphasic partitioning behavior of Cd2+, Hg2+, Tl+, Pb2+, and Bi3+, Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. manuscript in preparation (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  52. R.E. Boyd, Molybdenum-99: technetium-99m generator, Radiochim. Acta 30:123 (1982).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. J. Steigman and W.C. Eckelman. “The Chemistry of Technetium in Medicine”, National Academy Press, Washington, DC (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  54. M.L. Lamson III, A.S. Kirschner, C.E. Hotte, E.L. Lipsitz, and R.D. Ice, Generator-produced 99mTcO4: carrier free?, J. Nucl. Med. 16:639 (1975).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. A.G.C. Nair, S.K. Das, S.M. Deshmukh, and S. Prakash, Carrier free separation of 99Mo from 233U fission products, Radiochim. Acta 57:29 (1992).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. D.D. Walker, J.P. Bibler, R.M. Wallace, M.A. Ebra, and J.P. Ryan, Jr., Technetium removal processes for soluble defense high-level waste, Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 44:804 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  57. S. Möbius, Solvent extraction, in: “Gmelin Handbook of Inorganic Chemistry. Tc, Technetium: Metal. Alloys. Compounds. Chemistry in Solution,” 8th ed., Supplemental Vol. 2, pp. 243–305, H.K. Kugler and C. Kellar, eds., Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  58. C.J. Jones, Applications in the nuclear fuel cycle and radiopharmacy, in: “Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry,” Vol. 6, pp. 881–1009, G. Wilkinson, R.D. Gillard, and J.A. McCleverty, eds., Pergamon Press, Oxford (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  59. T.N. Jassim, J.O. Liljenzin, R. Lundqvist, and G. Persson, Coextraction of uranium and technetium in TBP-systems, Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. 2:405 (1984).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Z. Kolarik and P. Dressler, Extraction and coextraction of Tc(VII), Zr(IV), Np(IV,VI), Pa(V) and Nb(V) with tributyl phosphate from nitric acid solutions, Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. 7:625 (1989).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. R.D. Rogers, A.H. Bond, C.B. Bauer, Y. Song, J. Zhang, and R.R. Chomko, Polyethylene glycol-based aqueous biphasic systems: inexpensive, nontoxic alternatives for Hanford tank remediation, paper presented at the 208th American Chemical Society National Meeting, Washington, DC (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  62. R.D. Rogers, A.H. Bond, C.B. Bauer, J. Zhang, S.D. Rein, R.R. Chomko, and D.M. Roden, Partitioning behavior of 99Tc and 129I from simulated Hanford tank wastes using polyethylene glycol-based aqueous biphasic systemsSolvent Extr. Ion Exch. submitted (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  63. M.A. Eiteman, Temperature-dependent phase inversion and its effect on partitioning in the poly(ethylene glycol)-ammonium sulfate aqueous two-phase system, J. Chromatogr. A 668:13 (1994).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. R.M. Diamond, The aqueous solution behavior of large univalent ions. A new type of ion-pairing, J. Phys. Chem. 67:2513 (1963).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1995 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Rogers, R.D. et al. (1995). Metal Ion Separations in Polyethylene Glycol-Based Aqueous Biphasic Systems. In: Rogers, R.D., Eiteman, M.A. (eds) Aqueous Biphasic Separations. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1953-9_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1953-9_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-5802-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-1953-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics