Abstract
One of the main reasons for the lack of information concerning the biological and molecular properties of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) has been the difficulty to grow the agent in cell cultures. Interestingly, primary cells as well as cell lines of porcine origin have been found to support poorly, if at all, replication of PEDV. The same was true for cells and cell lines originating from other species such as mouse, bovine, hamster, and humans. Hofmann and Wyler were the first ones to report replication of PEDV in Vero cells.1 Later, a Japanese strain of PEDV could be adapted to grow in a slightly broader range of cells.2 Interestingly, it was observed that PEDV did not replicate in cell culture unless high amounts of trypsin were present in the culture medium throughout infection. Requirement for trypsin could be explained by two different hypothesis: (i) the receptor attachment protein of the virus had to be cleaved before adsorption or translocation into the cells was possible. Requirement of trypsin to enhance the infectivity in this way is known for many viruses, including corona-, rota-, and influenza viruses, (ii) Presence of trypsin was required to treat surface proteins of the cells, before attachment or translocation or even later events in virus replication were possible. Such treatment is likely to cause detachment of cells from plastic or glass support in conventional cell cultures. Before addressing the above questions, it was necessary to establish cell lines which are resistant to high amounts of trypsin during virus infection.
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References
Hofmann and Wyler, J. Clin. Microbiol., 1988;26, 2235–2239.
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Utiger, A., Frei, A., Carvajal, A., Ackermann, M. (1995). Studies on the in Vitro and in Vivo Host Range of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea Virus. In: Talbot, P.J., Levy, G.A. (eds) Corona- and Related Viruses. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 380. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1899-0_21
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1899-0_21
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