Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Characterization of Human Tear Glycoproteins by Phast SDS Electrophoresis, Western Blotting and Lectin Binding

  • Chapter
Book cover Ocular Toxicology

  • 146 Accesses

Abstract

The proteins in human tear fluid form a very complex mixture and can be divided into six main groups: 1) protective proteins: the immunoglobulins (sIgA, IgA, IgG, IgM, IgE; 2) proteins with bacteriostatic or bacteriolytic properties (lactoferrin, tear-specific prealbumin, lysozyme); 3) proteins derived from the plasma (IgA, IgG, albumin, transferrin); 4) glycoproteins as protease inhibitor (acid α1-glycoprotein, α1-antitrypsin, α1-antichymotrypsin); 5) other functional proteins (ceruloplasmin, α2-macroglobulin, ß2-microglobulin); 6) enzymes (amylase, peroxydase, plasminogen activator, plasmin, tryptase and LDH derived from conjunctiva). The composition of tear fluid proteins, their concentration and molecular weights, are summarized in Table 1. The main proteins in human tear fluid, synthesized in the lacrimal gland and at high concentrations present in tear fluid are: 1) secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), 2) lactoferrin (LF), 3) tear-specific pre-albumin (TSPA) and 4) lysozyme (LYS). Concentrations are given in Table 1.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. S. Liotet, V.N. Warnet and A. Schroeder, Étude de la barrière hémato-lacrimale humaine normale.Journal Franç. d’Ophtalmol. 5:707(1982).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. R.L. Lundh, S. Liotet and Y. Pouliquen, Study of the human blood-tear barrier and the biochemical changes in the tears of 30 contact lens wearers (50 eyes). Ophthalmologica, Basel 188:100(1984).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. R.L. Lundh, Biochemical and immunological response of tears of 30 aphakic eyes, half of which had received implants and the other half contact lenses. Ophthalmologica, Basel 191:164(1985).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. N. Stambuk, T. Curkovic, M. Trbojevic-Cepe and J. Ozegovic, Measurement of intraocular IgA and IgM synthesis and filtration through the blood-aqueous barrier in cataract patients. Current Eye Res. 9/Suppl:45(1990).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. R.A. Sack, K.O. Tan and A. Tan, Diurnal tear cycle: evidence for a nocturnal inflammatory constitutive tear fluid. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 33:626(1992).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. D. Meillet, J. Glomaud, F. Unanue, M.C. Diemert, A. Galli, P. Le Hoang, F. Rousselie and J.Galli, Protéines sériques et lacrymales au cours du syndrome d’immunodéficience acquise. Journal Franc. d’Ophtalmol. 12:499(1989).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. P.T. Janssen and O.P. van Bijsterveld, Origin and biosynthesis of human tear fluid proteins. Invest.Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 24:623(1983).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. A.T. Sapse, B. Bonavida, W. Stone and E.E. Sercarz, Human tear lysozyme. III. Preliminary study on lysozyme levels in subjects with smog eye irritation. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 66:76(1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. A. Temel, H. Kazokoglu, Y. Taga, Tear lysozyme levels in contact lens wearers. Ann. Ophthalmol.23:191(1991).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. R.J. Fullard and L. Snyder, Protein levels in nonstimulated and stimulated tears of normal humansubjects. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 31:1119(1990).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. H.A. Kuizenga, N.J. van Haeringen and A. Kijlstra, Identification of lectin binding proteins in human tears. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 32:3277(1991).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. A.S. Josephson and D.W. Lockwood, Immunoelectrophoretic studies of the protein components of normal tears. J. Immunol. 93:532(1964).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. A.T. Sapse, B. Bonavida, W. Stone and E.E. Sercarz, Proteins in human tears. I.Immunoelectrophoretic patterns. Arch. Ophthalmol. 81:815(1969).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. K. Felgenhauer, Protein filtration and secretion at human body fluid barriers. Pflügers Arch.384:9(1980).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. R.M. Broekhuyse, Tear lactoferrin: a bacteriostatic and complexing protein. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 13:550(1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. M.R. Allansmith, G.S. Hahn and M.A. Simon, Tissue, tear and serum IgE concentrations in vernal conjunctivitis. Amer. J. Ophthalmol. 81:506(1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. M. Zirm, Proteins in aqueous humor. Advances in Ophthalmol. 40:100(1980).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. M. Zirm and O. Schmut, Immunologische Untersuchungen des Kammerwassers und deren Ergebnisse. Wiener Klin. Wochenschr. 88:343(1976).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. N.J. van Haeringen, Clinical Biochemistry of tears. Survey of Ophthalmol. 26:84(1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. F. Meijer and N.J. van Haeringen, Comparison of three techniques for the determination of protein content in human tears. Clin. Chim. Acta 209:209(1992).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. A. Kuizenga, N.J. van Haeringen and A. Kijlstra, SDS-Minigel electrophoresis of human tears.Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 32:381(1991).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. B.M. Michov, Electrophoresis in one buffer at two pH values. Electrophoresis 10:686(1989).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. B.M. Michov, Electrophoresis in an expanded stationary boundary. Electrophoresis 11:289(1990).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. B.M. Michov, A TRIS-formate-taurinate buffer system for the SDS electrophoresis in homogeneous polyacrylamide gel slabs. GIT Fachzeitschrift für das Laboratorium 36/7:746(1992).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. J. Bours, M.H.J. Ahrend and W. Breipohl, The presence of B-, Bs-and Y-crystallins in the water-insoluble crystallin complex of the ageing bovine lens, in: MEye Lens Membranes and Ageing, G. Vrensen and J. Clauwaert, ed., Topics in Aging Research in Europe 14:341(1991).

    Google Scholar 

  26. J. Bours, The presence of lens crystallins as well as albumin and other serum proteins in chick iris tissue extracts. Exp. Eye Res. 15:299(1973).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. P. Halken, T.C. Bøg-Hansen and J.U. Prause, Human tear glycoproteins, in: Lectins, T.C. Bøg-Hansen, E. van Driessche, ed., De Gruyter, Berlin, Vol. 5:609(1996).

    Google Scholar 

  28. K. Bjerrum, P. Halken and J.U. Prause, The normal human tear glycoprotein profile detected with lectin probes. Exp. Eye Res. 53:431(1991).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. A. Kijlstra, A. Kuizenga, M. van der Velde and N.J. van Haeringen, Gel electrophoresis of human tears reveals various forms of tear lactoferrin. Current Eye Res. 8:581(1989).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. A. Kuizenga, T.R. Stolwijk, E.J. van Agtmaal, N.J. van Haeringen and A. Kijlstra, Detection of secretory IgM in tears of IgA deficient individuals. Current Eye Res. 9:997(1990).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. W. Breipohl, W. Naib-Majani, F. Sinowatz, T. Naguro and A. Wegener, Sialomucin expression in the human accessory lacrimal gland, in: “Sjögren’s Syndrome -State of the Art”, eds. M. Homma, S. Sugai, T. Tojo, N. Miyasaka and M. Akizuki, Proc. of the 4th Internatl. Symposium, Kugler, Amsterdam, New York, 1994, pp. 553.

    Google Scholar 

  32. W. Breipohl, W. Naib-Majani, U. Sterzinski, Classification of glycoprotein expression in human conjunctival, main and accessory tear gland cells. Abstract. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 35:1795(1994).

    Google Scholar 

  33. W. Breipohl, M. Spitznas, F. Sinowatz, O. Leib, W. Naib-Majani and A. Cusomano, Galactosebinding sites in the acinar cells of the human accessory lacrimal gland, in: “Lacrimal Gland, Tear Film, and Dry Eye Syndromes: Basic Science and Clinical Relevance”, eds. D.A. Sullivan, D.A. Dart et al., New York, Plenum Press, 1994, pp. 45.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  34. W. Breipohl, J. Strobel, W. Naib-Majani, C. Herberhold, M. Hamdi-Ibrahim, C. Reitz, Sialomucin expression in human conjunctival and nasal goblet cells. (Submitted, 1994).

    Google Scholar 

  35. R.J. Fullard, Identification of proteins in small tear volumes with and without size exclusion HPLC fractionation. Current Eye Res. 7:163(1988).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. G. Wollensak, E. Murr, A. Mayr, G. Bayer, W. Göttinger and G. Stöffler, Effective methods for the investigation of human tear film proteins and lipids. Graefe’s Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 228:78(1990).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. J. Bours and H.J. Födisch, Isotachophoresis of human fetal lens crystallins with increasing gestational age. Ophthalmic Res. 18:369(1986).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Experimental Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, D-53105, Bonn, Germany

    W. Breipohl, C. Reitz, M. H. J. Ahrend & J. Bours

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, D-53105, Bonn, Germany

    F. H. Grus

Authors
  1. W. Breipohl
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. C. Reitz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. M. H. J. Ahrend
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. F. H. Grus
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. J. Bours
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Boehringer Ingelheim KG, Ingelheim, Germany

    Ingo Weisse

  2. University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

    Otto Hockwin

  3. Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA

    Keith Green

  4. South Carolina Eye Institute, Columbia, South Carolina, USA

    Ramesh C. Tripathi

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1995 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Breipohl, W., Reitz, C., Ahrend, M.H.J., Grus, F.H., Bours, J. (1995). Characterization of Human Tear Glycoproteins by Phast SDS Electrophoresis, Western Blotting and Lectin Binding. In: Weisse, I., Hockwin, O., Green, K., Tripathi, R.C. (eds) Ocular Toxicology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1887-7_37

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1887-7_37

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-5769-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-1887-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation