Abstract
IGF-II plays an important but not pivotal role during normal development in the mouse. By inactivating the endogenous Igf2 gene, DeChiara et al could show that the absence of IGF-II resulted in perfectly healthy and symmetrical offspring although these were 40% smaller than normal littermates (DeChiara et ah 1990). In humans, similar evidence is lacking although genetic data indicate that an overactive IGF2 results in organ hyperplasia as manifested in the Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome BWS(Junien, 1992). It is interesting in this context that the IGF2 expression patterns during early human development show striking similarities with the organomegaly typical of the BWS (Hedborg et al. 1993).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Barlow, D.P., Stöger, R., Herrmann, B.G., Saito, K., and Schweifer, N. 1991. The mouse insulin-like growth factor type-2 receptor is imprinted and closely linked to the Tme locus. Nature. 349: 84–87.
Baxter, R.C., Martin, J.L., and Wood, M.H. 1987. Two immunoreactive binding proteins for insulin-like growth factors in human amniotic fluid: relationship to fetal maturity. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 65: 423–431.
Baxter, R.C. 1988. The insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 91B: 229–235.
Baxter, R.C. and Martin, J.L. 1989a. Binding proteins for the insulin-like growth factors: structure, regulation and function. Progr. Growth Fact.Res. 1: 49–68.
Baxter, R.C. and Martin, J.L. 1989b. Structure of the Mr 140,000 growth hormone-dependent insulin-like growth factor binding protein complex: determination by reconstitution and affinity-labeling. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 86: 6898–6902.
Binkert, C., Landwehr, J., Mary, J.L., Schwander, J., and Heinrich, G. 1989. Cloning, sequence analysis and expression of a cDNA encoding a novel insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP-2.. EMBO J. 8: 2497–2502.
Brewer, M., Stetler, G., Squires, C., Thompson, R., Busby, W., and Clemmons, D. 1988. Cloning, characterization, and expression of a human insulin-like growth factor binding protein. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 152: 1289–1297.
Brinkman, A., Groffen, C., Kortleve, D.J., van., G., Kessel, A., and Drop, S.L. 1988. Isolation and characterization of a cDNA encoding the low molecular weight insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IBP-1.. EMBO J. 7: 2417–2423.
Brown, A., et al 1989. Nucleotide sequence and expression of a cDNA clone encoding a fetal rat binding protein for insulin-like growth factors. J. Biol. Chem. 264: 5148–5154.
DeChiara, T.M., Efstratiadis, A., and Robertson, E.J. 1990. A growth-deficiency phenotype in heterozygous mice carrying an insulin-like growth factor II gene disrupted by targeting. Nature. 345: 78–80.
DeChiara, T.M., Robertson, E.J., and Efstratiadis, A. 1991. Parental imprinting of the mouse insulin-like growth factor II gene. Cell. 64: 849–859.
Ekström, T.J., Rutanen, E.-M., Nyström, A., Holmgren, L., Flam, F., and Ohlsson, R. 1993. Mono-allelic expression of IGF2 at the human feto-maternal boundary: possible evolutionary implications. Submitted.
Glaser, A., Luthman, H., Stern, I. and Ohlsson, R. 1992. Spatial distribution of active genes implicated in the regulation of insulin-like growth factor stimulatory loops in human decidual and placental tissue of first-trimester pregnancy. Mol. Reprod. Develop. 33: 7–15.
Haig, D. and Graham, C. 1991. Genomic imprinting and the strange case of the insulin-like growth factor II receptor. Cell. 64: 1045–1046.
Hedborg, F., Holmgren, L., Sandstedt, B., and Ohlsson, R. 1993. Cell type-specific IGF2 expression during early human development: implications for the Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Submitted.
Junien, C. 1992. Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome, tumorigenesis and imprinting. Curr. Op. Genet. Develop. 2: 103–123.
Lee, Y.-L., Hintz, R, James, P., Lee, P., Shively, J., and Powell, D. 1988. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein complementary deoxyribonucleic acid from human HepG2 hepatoma cells: Predicted protein sequence suggests an IGF binding domain different from those of the IGF-I and IGF-II receptors. Mol. Endocrinol. 2: 404–411.
Lee, J.E., Pintar, J. and Efstratiadis, A. 1990. Pattern of the insulin-like growth factor II gene expression during early mouse embryogenesis. Development 110: 151–159.
Margot, J.B., Binkert, C., Mary, J.L., Landwehr, J., Heinrich, G., and Schwander, J. 1989. A low molecular weight insulin-like growth factor binding protein from rat: cDNA cloning and tissue distribution of its messenger RNA. Mol. Endocrinol. 3: 1053–1060.
Ohlsson, R., Larson, E., Nilsson, O., Wahlström, T. and Sundström, P. 1989a. Blastocyst implantation precedes induction of insulin-like growth factor II gene expression in human trophoblasts. Development 106: 555–559.
Ohlsson, R., Holmgren, L., Glaser, A., Szpecht, A., and Pfeifer-Ohlsson, S. 1989b. Insulin-like growth factor 2 and short-range stimulatory loops in control of human placental growth. EMBO J. 8: 1993–1999.
Ohlsson, R., Hedborg, F., Holmgren, L., Walsh, C., and Ekström, T.J. 1993a. Glaser et al, 1992. Overlapping patterns of IGF2 and H19 expression during human development: biallelic IGF2 expression correlates with lack of H19 expression. Submitted.
Ohlsson, R., Nyström, A., Pfeifer-Ohlsson, S., Töhönen, V., Hedborg, F., Schofield, P., Flam, F., and Ekström, T.J. 1993b. IGF2 is parentally imprinted during human embryogenesis and in the Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Nature Genet. 4: 94–97.
Starkey, P.M. 1993. The decidua and factors controlling placentation. in The Human Placenta, (Redman CWG., Sargent IL, Starkey PM, eds.) Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 362–413.
Surani, M.A.H. 1991. Genomic imprinting: developmental significance and molecular mechanisms. Curr. Op. Genet. Develop. 1: 241–246.
Sussenbach, J.S., Steenbergh, P.H., and Holthuizen, P. 1992. Structure and expression of the human insulin-like growth factor genes. Growth Regul. 2: 1–9.
van Dijk, M.A., van Schaik, F.M.A., Bootsma, H.J., Holthuizen, P., and Sussenbach, J.S. 1991. Initial characterization of the four promoters of the human insulin-like growth factor II gene. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 81: 81–94.
Wang, C-Y., Daimon, M., Shen, S-J., Engelmann, G.L., and Ilan, J. 1988. Insulin-like growth factor-1 messenger ribonucleic acid in the developing human placenta and in term placenta of diabetics. Mol.Endocrinol. 2: 217–229.
Wood, W.I., et al. 1988. Cloning and expression of the growth hormone-dependent insulin-like growth factor-binding protein. Mol.Endocrinol. 2: 1176–1185.
Zapf, J., Hauri, C., Waldvogel, M., and Froesch, E.R. 1986. Acute metabolic effects and half-lives of intravenously administered insulin-like growth factors I and II in normal and hypophysectomized rats. J. Clin. Invest. 77: 1768–1775.
Zapf, J., Schoenle, E., Jagers, E., Sand, I., and Froesch, E.R. 1979. Inihibition of the action of non-suppressible insulin-like activity on isolated rat fat cells by binding to its carrier protein. J. Clin. Invest. 63: 1077–1084.
Zhou, J. and Bondy, C. 1992. Insulin-like growth factor-II and its binding proteins in placental development. Endocrinology. 131: 1230–40.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ekström, T.J., Holmgren, L., Glaser, A., Ohlsson, R. (1994). Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 (IGF2) Expression at the Embryonic/Maternal Boundary. In: Glasser, S.R., Mulholland, J., Psychoyos, A. (eds) Endocrinology of Embryo-Endometrium Interactions. Reproductive Biology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1881-5_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1881-5_20
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-5766-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-1881-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive