Unified Symmetry in the Small and in the Large

Abstract

The evolution of a fundamental length r_o from its zero value to a value as large as the size of the universe forms the basis for the unification of the elementary particle physics and cosmology.

The four fundamental interactions are mediated by the strategic triad of massive and massless gauge bosons with spins 0, 1, 2. All of these gauge bosons are unified in a traceless symmetric tensor T_μν appearing in the generalized Dirac wave equations derived from the generalized theory of gravitation which includes the coupling of the massive and massless triad of spins 0, 1, and 2 with spin 1/2 quarks and leptons. The four massive spin 2 bosons, which generate the short-range part (Planck range) of the generalized gravitational field, each decay (10^-43 sec.) into two spin 1 bosons and constitute the eight gluons of the strong force. The masses of all the gauge bosons, instead of Higgs boson, are generated by the spin 2 Planck bosons. Just as the strong force is the short-range part of the generalized gravitation, the weak force arises as the short-range part of the generalized electrodynamics. The electric field of the polarized vacuum as a dielectric medium of pairs of particles and antiparticles is calculated exactly.

This paper also contains an elementary computation for the size and total mass of the universe based on the generalized theory of gravitation which predicts, inter alia, a flat universe. The primordial free monopoles are synthesized into neutral dipoles of magnetic charges, followed by a supersymmetric transition into quarks and leptons, whose structure consists of neutral distribution of magnetic charges. A Planck length-size invariant singularity arising from a transient repulsive gravity energized the explosive creation of the universe.