Abstract
The effects of seismic activity on the ionosphere are now well known and were studied by many scholars (Liperovski et al., 1992 and references herein). Naturally the most interest is connected with those phenomena which could be observed before the main shock but definitely are coupled with the preparing earthquake. Among the ionospheric phenomena we can mention variation of phase of VLF signals (Gufeld and Marenko, 1992; Gufeld et al., 1992), variations of HF signals intensity on passes over the epicenter of preparing earthquake (Gokhberg et al., 1988a), appearing or increasing of Es layers and additional layers (Gokhberg et al., 1988b), spread phenomena on bottomside ionograms within the whole range of altitudes (Khakimov et al., 1991). Sometimes one can observe not only spread phenomena but the large-scale variations of electron density in F-layer occupying the area over the future epicenter with diameter more than 1000 km (Zelenova and Legen’ka, 1989; Pulinets et al., 1991). We can observe changes not only of the electron density but accopmained by temperature, height scale, ion composition variations (Ahmamedov, 1993; Mikhailova et al, 1991). So we can conclude that changes in the state of the ionosphere over the epicenter of future earthquake are profound and comprehensive on all altitudes.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ahmamedov H., 1993, Interferometer temperature measurements in the ionosphere F-2 region during the Iranian earthquake of June 20 1990, Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. 33: 163
Alekseev V. A. and Alekseeva N. G., 1992, Investigation of metal transfer in the biosphere during gaseous emission in zones of tectonic activity using methods of nuclear-physics, Nucl. Geophys. 6: 99.
Chasovitin Yu. K. and Nesterov V. P., 1975, The dynamical processes and the night-time ionospheric E-layer formation, IEM Transactions. 3: 55.
Fux I. M. and Gufeld I. L., 1993, Private communication
Gokhberg M. B., Pilipenko V. A., and Pokhotelov O. A., 1983, On the seismic precursors in the ionosphere, Izvestiya USSR Acad. of Sci., Phys. of the Earth. 10: 17.
Gokhberg M. B., Morgunov V. A., and Pokhotelov O. A., 1988, “Seismo-Electromagnetic Phenomena”, Nauka publ., Moscow.
Gokhberg M. B., Kolokolov L. E., Liperovski V. A., Pokhotelov O. A., Buloshnikov A. M., Marakhovski A. V., Liperovskaya E. V., 1988, Manifestation of the sttong earthquakes preparing effects in the sporadic E, layer on different latitudes, Preprint IFZ RAN. No1.
Gufeld I. L., Marenko V. F. and Yampolski V. S., 1992, Statistical analysis of the “Omega” transmitter phase disturbances coupling with the seismotectonical process, Preprint IFZ RAN. No 11.
Gufeld I. L. and Marenko V. F., 1992, The short-term prediction for the time of strong earthquakes with the help of radiowave technique, Doklady RAN. 323: 1064.
Karimov K. A., Drobzhev V. I., Solonitsyna N. F., and Gainutdinova R. D., 1990, On the some ionosphere-magnetosphere and atmosphere effects connected with the seismotectonic processes at Kazakhstan and Kirgizia, Preprint Kirgizian Acad. Sci., Frunze.
Khakimov F. Kh., Liperovski V. A., Shalimov S. L., Alimov O. A., Rubtsov L. N., Liperovskaya R. H., 1991, F-spread in the ionosphere of the seismoactive region during periods of the earthquakes preparing, Doklady Tadzh. Acad. Sci., 34: 567.
Kikuchi H., 1991, Meteorologico-electric phenomena and electrohydrodynamics (EHD) or electromagnetohydrodynamics (EMHD), in: “Environmental and Space Electromagnetics”, H. Kikuchi, ed., Springer-verlag, Tokyo.
Kikuchi T., 1991, Ionospheric disturbances over Japan during magnetic storms of 9/89, 6/90 and 3/91, in: “SUNDIAL Workshop Proceedings”, E. P. Szuszczewicz ed., SAIC publ., Reston.
Kim V. P., Hegaj V. V. and Illich-Svitych P. V., 1988a, On the possibility of metallic ions layer formation in the E-layer of the night-time ionosphere before the strong earthquake, Preprint IZMIRAN. No 29 (783).
Kim V. P., Hegaj V. V. and Illich-Svitych P. V., 1988b, On a possible ionospheric presage of earthquakes, Preprint IZMIRAN. No 29a(783).
Kumar S., Hanson W. B., 1980, The morphology of metallic ions in the upper atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., A35: 133.
Liperovski V. A., Pokhotelov O. A., and Shalimov S. L., 1992, “Ionospheric Precursors of the Earthquakes”, Nauka publ., Moscow.
Mikhailova G. A., Kapustina O. V., Kostin V. M., Mikhajlov Yu. M., 1991, Anomalous spectra of VLF emission in the outer ionosphere related to the Iranian earthquake of June 1990, Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. 30: 837.
Molchanov O. A., 1992, Seismogenic EM emissions in the upper ionosphere: theoretical considerations, in: “Proceedings of 11 International Wroclaw URSI symposium on electromagnetic compatibility”, part 2, URSI publ., Wroclaw.
Morgunov V. A., Matveev I. V. and Statiev A. A., 1990, Atmospheric electricity within the zone of tectonic fracture, Magnitospheric study. 15: 65
Morgunov V. A., 1992, “Natural Investigations of the Electromagnetic Processes on the Final Study of Earthquake Preparing”, Thesis Dr. of Sci., IFZ publ., Moscow.
Nikolishin I. J., Alekseeva N. G., Golinezky N. G., Malakhov S. G., 1985, Microelements distribution in different size aerosol particles in high mountain atmosphere, in: “Proceedings of the 2nd Conference on Nuclear-Physical Methods of Analysis in Monitoring the Environment”, Gidrometeoizdat publ., Leningrad.
Parrot M. and Mogilevski M. M., 1989, VLF emissions associated with earthquakes and observed in the ionosphere and the magnetosphere, Phys. Earth. Planet. Inter., 57: 86.
Parrot M., Lefeuvre F., Corcuff J. and Codefrov P., 1985, Observation of VLF emission at the time of earthquake in the Kerguelen Islands, Annales Geophys. 3: 731.
Pulinets S. A., Legen’ka A. D., Karpachev A. T., Kochenova N. A., Migulin V. V., Oraevski V. N. and Fligel M. D., 1991, On the possibility of the earthquakes prediction on the basis of the topside satellite sounding, Preprint IZMIRAN. No.34a(981).
Romanovski Yu. A., Gaidukov V. Yu., 1976, On the internal gravitational waves effects on the ion composition disturbances of the night-time F2 region during magnetic storm, Doklady USSR Acad. Sci. 230: 563.
Sadovski M. A., Bannov Yu. A., Mirsoev K. M., and Negmatullaev S. Kh., 1985, Effects of confusion of equilibrium state of the functions of temperature and pressure in the atmosphere within the closed volumes before the earthquakes, Earthquakes predictions. 6: 242.
Saraev V. A. and Ivaniva N. T., 1979, Reflection of the litosphere structure in the field of the storm activity, in: “Geology, Stratigraphy and the Siberian Economic Minerals”, Nauka publ., Tomsk.
Voitov G. I., 1986, Chemistry and scales of present gas flow in different geosphere zones of the Earth, Russ. Chem. Soc. 31: 533.
Wilkinson P. J., Szuszczewicz E. P. and Roble R. G., 1992, Measurement and modelling of intermediate, descending and sporadic layers in the lower ionosphere: results and implications for global-scale ionospheric-thermospheric studies, Geophys. Res. L. 19: 95.
Zelenova T. I. and Legen’ka A. D., 1989, Ionospheric effects connected with the Moneron earthquake 05.09.71, Izvesiiya USSR Acad. Sci. 6: 89.
Zelenova T. I., Kanonidi Kh. D., Kolokolov L. E., Legen’ka A. D., Marakhovski A. V., Nazarets V. P., Osipov N. K., 1991, Ionospheric disturbances in the magnetically conjugated regions as a manifestation of ionosphere-magnetosphere coupling processes, Preprint IZMIRAN. No 9 (894).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Pulinets, S.A., Legen’ka, A.D., Alekseev, V.A. (1994). Pre-Earthquake Ionospheric Effects and their Possible Mechanisms. In: Kikuchi, H. (eds) Dusty and Dirty Plasmas, Noise, and Chaos in Space and in the Laboratory. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1829-7_46
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1829-7_46
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-5740-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-1829-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive