Abstract
Liposomes provide a carrier function to bring antigen to cells of the immune system and to provide a mechanism for slow release of antigen. Since liposomes are slowly absorbed, they also provide a “depot effect” in which the presence of the antigen may be maintained for a longer period of time compared to soluble antigen (Alving, 1991). In addition to antigen, liposomes may carry other agents that potentiate an immune response. In this chapter we will present our current data concerning the adjuvant effect of a special type of liposomes containing a subunit protein antigen and cytokines.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Afonso, L. C., Scharton, T. M., Vieira, L. Q., Wysocka, M., Trinchieri, G., and Scott, P., 1994, The adjuvant effect of interleukin-12 in a vaccine against Leishmania major, Science 263:235–237.
Akira, S., Hirano, T., Taga, T., and Kishimoto, T., 1990, Biology of multifunctional cytokines: IL-6 and related molecules (IL-1 and TNF), FASEB J. 4:2860–2867.
Alving, C. R., 1991, Liposomes as carriers of antigens and adjuvants, J. Immunol. Methods 140:1–13.
Audibert, F. M., and Lise, L. D., 1993, Adjuvants: Current status, clinical perspectives and future prospects, Immunol. Today 14:281–284.
Bakouche, O., and Lachman, L. B., 1990, Synthetic macrophages: Liposomes bearing antigen, class IIMHC and membrane-IL-1, Lymphokine Res. 9:259–281.
Bakouche, O., Brown, D. C., and Lachman, L. B., 1987, Liposomes expressing IL-1 biological activity, J. Immunol. 138:4256–4262.
Clerici, M., Hakim, F. T., Venzon, D. J., Blatt, S., Hendrix, C. W., Wynn, T. A., and Shearer, G. M., 1993a, Changes in interleukin-2 and interleukin-4 production in asymptomatic, human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive individuals, J. Clin. Invest. 91:759–765.
Clerici, M., Lucey, D. R., Berzofsky, J. A., Pinto, L. A., Wynn, T. A., Blatt, S. P., Dolan, M. J., Hendrix, C. W., Wolf, S. F., and Shearer, G. M., 1993b, Restoration of HIV-specific cell-mediated immune responses by interleukin-12 in vitro, Science 262:1721–1724.
Duits, A. J., van Puijenbroek, A., Vermeulen, H., Hofhuis, F. M., van de Winkel, J. G., and Capel, P. J., 1993, Immunoadjuvant activity of a liposomal IL-6 formulation, Vaccine 11:777–781.
Fan, D., Bucana, C. D., O’Brian, C. A., Zwelling, L. A., Seid, C., and Fidler, I. J., 1990, Enhancement of murine tumor cell sensitivity to adriamycin by presentation of the drug in phosphatidylcholine-phosphatidylserine liposomes, Cancer Res. 50:3619–3626.
Foa, R., Guarini, A., and Gansbacher, B., 1992, IL2 treatment for cancer: From biology to gene therapy, Br. J. Cancer 66:992–998.
Gately, M. K., 1993, Interleukin-12: A recently discovered cytokine with potential for enhancing cell-mediated immune responses to tumors, Cancer Invest. 11:500–506.
Gregoriadis, G., Davis, D., and Davies, A., 1987, Liposomes as immunological adjuvants: Antigen incorporation studies, Vaccine 5:145–151.
Grun, J. L., and Maurer, P. H., 1989, Different T helper cell subsets elicited in mice utilizing two different adjuvant vehicles: The role of endogenous interleukin 1 in proliferative responses, Cell. Immunol. 121:134–145.
Hall, S. S., 1994, IL-12 holds promise against cancer, glimmer of AIDS hope, Science 263:1685–1686.
Heath, A. W, and Playfair, J. H., 1992, Cytokines as immunological adjuvants, Vaccine 10:427–434.
Heath, A. W., Devey, M. E., Brown, I. N., Richards, C. E., and Playfair, J. H., 1989, Interferon-gamma as an adjuvant in immunocompromised mice, Immunology 67:520–524.
Hume, D. A., and Nayar, R., 1989, Encapsulation is not involved in the activities of recombinant gamma interferon associated with multilamellar phospholipid liposomes on murine bone marrow-derived macrophages, Lymphokine Res. 8:415–425.
Krakauer, T., 1993, A sensitive, specific immunobioassay for quantitation of human interleukin 6, J. Immunoassay 14:267–277.
Lee, K. D., Hong, K., and Papahadjopoulos, D., 1992, Recognition of liposomes by cells: In vitro binding and endocytosis mediated by specific lipid headgroups and surface charge density, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1103:185–197.
Meuer, S. C., Dumann, H., Meyer zum Buschenfelde, K. H., and Kohler, H., 1989, Low-dose interleukin-2 induces systemic immune responses against HBsAg in immunodeficient non-responders to hepatitis B vaccination, Lancet 1:15–18.
Nayar, R., Morikawa, K., and Fidler, I. J., 1987, Characterization of liposomes containing the chemotactic peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and their interaction with mouse macrophages, Cancer Drug Deliv. 4:233–244.
Piera, M., de Bolos, C., Castro, R., and Real, F. X., 1993, Cytokines as adjuvants: Effect on the immunogenicity of NeuAc alpha 2-6GalNAc alpha-O-Ser/Thr (sialyl-Tn), Int. J. Cancer 55:148–152.
Quiroga, J. A., Castillo, I., Porres, J. C., Casao, S., and Saez, F., 1990, Recombinant gamma-interferon as adjuvant to hepatitis B vaccine in hemodialysis patients, Hepatology 12:661–663.
Ramsay, A. J., Husband, A. J., Ramshaw, I. A., Bao, S., Matthaei, K. I., Koehler, G., and Kopf, M., 1994, The role of interleukin-6 in mucosal IgA antibody responses in vivo, Science 264:561–563.
Rao, M., Wassef, N. M., Alving, C., and Krzych, U., 1995, Processing and presentation of liposome-encapsulated antigens by macrophages, (submitted).
Reed, S. G., Pihl, D. L., Conlon, P. J., and Grabstein, K. H., 1989, IL-1 as adjuvant. Role of T cells in the augmentation of specific antibody production by recombinant human IL-1 alpha, J. Immunol. 142:3129–3133.
Salk, J., Bretscher, P. A., Salk, P. L., Clerici, M., and Shearer, G. M., 1993, A strategy for prophylactic vaccination against HIV, Science 260:1270–1272.
Siegel, J. P., and Puri, R. K., 1991, Interleukin-2 toxicity. J. Clin. Oncol. 9:694–704.
Smith, K. A., Lachman, L. B., Oppenheim, J. J., and Favata, M. F., 1980, The functional relationship of the interleukins, J. Exp. Med. 151:1551–1556.
Staruch, M. J., and Wood, D. D., 1983, The adjuvanticity of interleukin 1 in vivo, J. Immunol. 130:2191–2194.
Tan, L., and Gregoriadis, G., 1989, Effect of interleukin-2 on the immunoadjuvant action of liposomes, Biochem. Soc. Trans. 17:693–694.
Trinchieri, G., 1993, Interleukin-12 and its role in the generation of Thl cells, Immunol. Today 14:335–338.
Waiden, P., Nagy, Z. A., and Klein, J., 1985, Induction of regulatory T-lymphocyte responses by liposomes carrying major histocompatibility complex molecules and foreign antigen, Nature 315:327–329.
Watts, T. H., Brian, A. A., Kappler, J. W, Marrack, P., and McConnell, H. M., 1984, Antigen presentation by supported planar membranes containing affinity-purified I-Ad, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:7564–7568.
Wood, D. D., 1979a, Mechanism of action of human B cell-activating factor. I. Comparison of the plaque-stimulating activity with thymocyte-stimulating activity, J. Immunol. 123:2400–2407.
Wood, D. D., 1979b, Comparison of the plaque-stimulating and thymocyte-stimulating activities derived from human monocytes, Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 332:491–502.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1995 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lachman, L.B., Shih, LC.N., Rao, XM., Ullrich, S.E., Cleland, J.L. (1995). Cytokine-Containing Liposomes as Adjuvants for Subunit Vaccines. In: Powell, M.F., Newman, M.J. (eds) Vaccine Design. Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, vol 6. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1823-5_29
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1823-5_29
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-5737-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-1823-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive