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Cytokines as Vaccine Adjuvants

Current Status and Potential Applications

  • Chapter
Book cover Vaccine Design

Part of the book series: Pharmaceutical Biotechnology ((PBIO,volume 6))

Abstract

Since Jenner’s discovery that cowpox vaccinations protect humans against smallpox, vaccines have been used effectively to protect humans and livestock from contagious and deadly diseases. Most of the marketed vaccines are made from either inactivated or attenuated pathogens (i.e., viruses or bacteria). Although vaccines prepared with inactivated pathogens are often effective, their use may be limited because a small but measurable chance of infection exists, a result of the incomplete inactivation of pathogens in these preparations. The incomplete inactivation of pathogens is particularly a concern for vaccines against viruses that may produce a latent infection (i.e., herpes and retroviruses). Similarly, vaccines constructed with attenuated pathogens may invoke the very disease they are designed to prevent if they are insufficiently attenuated. Therefore, subunit vaccines composed of antigenic components (usually proteins) free of pathogenic components are likely to offer improved safety.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, School of Pharmacy, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA

    Penny Dong, Carsten Brunn & Rodney J. Y. Ho

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  1. Penny Dong
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  2. Carsten Brunn
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  1. Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA

    Michael F. Powell

  2. Vaxcel, Inc., Norcross, Georgia, USA

    Mark J. Newman

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Dong, P., Brunn, C., Ho, R.J.Y. (1995). Cytokines as Vaccine Adjuvants. In: Powell, M.F., Newman, M.J. (eds) Vaccine Design. Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, vol 6. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1823-5_27

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