Abstract
This chapter contains a summary of the development of a very effective adjuvant that contains a muramyl dipeptide (MDP) analogue (threonyl-MDP, temurtide) in an oil-inwater emulsion vehicle. The oil-in-water emulsion system contains squalane, Pluronic® LI21, and polysorbate 80 in an isotonic, pH 7.4, phosphate-buffered saline solution. This adjuvant elicits both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. While threonyl-MDP serves to increase antibody production and cell-mediated responses, the emulsion vehicle enhances immunogenicity by facilitating presentation of antigens to responding lymphocytes. Because threonyl-MDP does not exhibit toxicity usually associated with alanyl-MDP (pyrogenicity, uveitis, adjuvant-induced arthritis), no safety concerns are anticipated at therapeutic doses. In several animal species, this vehicle proved safe and efficacious, having been used successfully with a variety of antigens.
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Lidgate, D.M., Byars, N.E. (1995). Development of an Emulsion-Based Muramyl Dipeptide Adjuvant Formulation for Vaccines. In: Powell, M.F., Newman, M.J. (eds) Vaccine Design. Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, vol 6. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1823-5_12
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1823-5_12
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