Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Propaganda, Crypsis, and Slave-making

  • Chapter
Chemical Ecology of Insects 2

Abstract

In complex ecological communities, the ability to survive and reproduce is often tenuous at best. Many organisms do so by simply “bullying” their way through life, but for many others a more furtive approach is necessary. These latter animals resort to either blending into their environment, or to mimicking specific species-characteristic cues of other, usually dominant, members of their community. Sometimes, rather than taking such a defensive approach, they resort instead to an offensive approach, using what have been called propaganda substances. They may even combine both approaches as has been found for some slave-making ants. Although a variety of cues may be used to produce these various strategies, by far the most commonly used cues are chemical, and they will be the only ones considered in this chapter.

Deceased

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adams, E. A. and Traniello, J. F. A. (1981). Chemical interference competition by Monomorium minimum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Oecologia 51: 265–270.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Akerman, C. (1923). A comparison of the habits of a South African spider, Cladomelea, with those of an Australian Dicrostichus. Ann. Natal Mus. 5: 83–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Akre, R. D. (1968). The behavior of Euxenister and Pulivinister, histerid beetles associated with army ants (Coleoptera: Histeridae: Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Doryline). Pan-Pacific Entomol. 44: 87–101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Akre, R. D. (1982). The social wasps, In Social Insects, vol. 4, (Herman, H. R., ed.), pp. 1–105 Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Akre, R. D. and Rettenmeyer, C. W. (1966). Behavior of Staphylinidae associated with army ants (Formicidae: Ecitonini). J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 39: 745–782.

    Google Scholar 

  • Akre, R. D. and Torgerson, R. L.. (1968). The behavior of Diploeciton nevermanni, a staphylinid beetle associated with army ants. Psyche 75: 211–215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Akre, R. D. and Torgerson, R. L. (1969). Behavior of Vatesus beetles associated with army ants (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Pan-Pacific Entomol. 45: 269–281.

    Google Scholar 

  • Akre, R. D., Alpert, G., and Alpert, T. (1973). Life cycle and behavior of Microdon cothurnatus in Washington (Diptera: Syrphidae). J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. 46: 327–338.

    Google Scholar 

  • Akre, R. D., Garnett, W. B., and Zack, R. S. (1988). Biology and behavior of Microdon piperi in the Pacific Northwest (Diptera: Syrphidae). J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. 61: 441–452.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alcock, J. and Forsyth, A. (1988). Post-copulatory aggression towards their mates by males of the rove beetle Leistotrophus versicolor (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 22: 303–308.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alford, D. V. (1975). Bumblebees. Davis-Poynter, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ali, M. F., Morgan, E. D., Attygalle, A. B., and Billen, J. P. J. (1987). Comparison of Dufour gland secretions of two species of Leptothorax ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Z. Naturforsch. 42c: 955–960.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allies, A. B., Bourke, A. F. G., and Franks, N. R. (1986). Propaganda substances in the cuckoo ant Leptothorax kutteri and the slave-maker Harpagoxenus sublaevis. J. Chem. Ecol. 12: 1285–1293.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alloway, T. (1979). Raiding behavior of two species of slave-making ants, Harpagoxenus americanus (Emery) and Leptothorax duloticus (Wesson) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Anim. Behav. 27: 202–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alloway, T. M. (1990). Slave-species ant colonies recognize slavemakers as enemies. Anim. Behav. 39: 1218–1220.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Andersen, A. N., Blum, M. S., and Jones, T. H. (1991). Venom alkaloids in Monomorium “rothsteini” Forel repel other ants: Is this the secret to success by Monomorium in Australian ant communities? Oecologia 88: 157–160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arn, H., Toth, M., and Priesner, E. (1992). List of the Sex Pheromones of Lepidoptera and Related Attractants, 2nd Ed., International Organization for Biological Control, Montfavet, France.

    Google Scholar 

  • Attygalle, A. B., Billen, J. P. J., and Morgan, E. D. (1985). The postpharyngeal glands of workers of Solenopsis geminata (Hym. Formicidae). Actes Coll. Insectes Soc. 2: 79–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bagnères, A.-G. and Morgan, E. D. (1991). The postpharyngeal glands and cuticle of Formicidae contain the same characteristic hydrocarbons. Experientia 47: 106–111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bagnères, A.-G., Errard, C., Mulheim, C., Joulie, C., and Lange, C. (1991). Induced mimicry of colony odor in ants. J. Chem. Ecol. 17: 1641–1664.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baker, T. C. (1989). Sex pheromone communication in the Lepidoptera: new research progress. Experientia 45: 248–262.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baroni Urbani, C. and Kannowski, P. B. (1974). Patterns in the red imported fire ant settlement of Louisiana pasture: Some demographic parameters, interspecific competition and food sharing. Environ. Entomol. 3: 755–760.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergström, G. and Löfquist, J. (1968). Odour similarities between the slave-keeping ants Formica sanguinea and Polyergus rufescens and their slaves Formica fusca and Formica rufibarbis. J. Insect Physiol. 14: 995–1011.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bernardi, R., Cardani, C., Ghiringhella, D., Selva, A., Baggini, A., and Pavan, M. (1967). On the components of secretion of mandibular glands of the ant Lasius (Dendro-lasius) fuliginosus. Tetrahedron Lett. 40: 3893–3896.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bian, Z., Fales, H. M., Blum, M. S., Jones, T. H., Rinderer, T. E., and Howard, D. F. (1984). Chemistry of cephalic secretion of fire bee Trigona (Oxytrigona) tataira. J. Chem. Ecol. 10: 451–460.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blum, M. S. (1966). Chemical releasers of social behavior. VIII. Citral in the mandibular gland secretion of Lestrimelitta limao (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Melittidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 59: 962–964.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blum, M. S. (1969). Alarm pheromones. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 14: 57–80.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blum, M. S. (1981). Chemical Defenses of Arthropods. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blum, M. S. (1984). Alarm pheromones, In Comprehensive Insect Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Vol. 9, (Kerkut, G. A. and Gilbert, L. I., eds.), pp. 193–224. Pergamon, Oxford, U.K.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blum, M. S. (1985). Alkaloidal ant venoms: Chemistry and biological activities, In Bioregulators for Pest Control, (Hedin, P. A., ed.), pp. 393–408, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Blum, M. S., and Edgar, A. L. (1971). 4-methyl-3-heptanone: identification and role in opilionid exocrine secretions. Insect Biochem. 1: 181–188.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blum, M. S., Jones, T. H., Hölldobler, B., Fales, H. M., and Jaouni, T. (1980). Alkaloidal venom mace: Offensive use by a thief ant. Naturwissenschaften 67: 144–145.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blum, M. S., Crewe, R. M., Kerr, W. E., Keith, L. H., Garrison, A. W., and Walker, M. M. (1970). Citral in stingless bees: isolation and function in trail laying and robbing. J. Insect Physiol. 16: 1637–1648.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bohart, G. S. (1970). The evolution of parasitism among bees. Forty-first Honor Lecture, The Faculty Association, Utah State Univ., Ogden, Utah.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonavita-Cougourdan, A., Clément, J.-L., and Lange, C. (1987). Nestmate recognition: the role of cuticular hydrocarbons in the ant Camponotus vagus Scop. J. Entomol. Sci. 22: 1–10.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bonavita-Cougourdan, A., Clément, J.-L., and Lange, C. (1989). The role of cuticular hydrocarbons in recognition of larvae by workers of the ant Camponotus vagus: changes in the chemical signature in response to social environment (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology 16: 49–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonavita-Cougourdan, A., Clément, J.-L., and Poveda, A. (1990). Les hydrocarbures cuticulaires el les processus de reconnaissance chez les Fourmis: Le code d’information complexe de Camponotus vagus. Actes Coll. Insectes Soc. 6: 273–280.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourke, A. F. G. and Franks, N. (1991). Alternative adaptations, sympatric speciation and the evolution of parasitic, inquiline ants. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 43: 157–178.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bruch, C. (1930). Notas preliminares acera de Labauchena daguerrei Santschi. Rev. Soc. Entomol. Argent. 3: 73–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckner, J. S. (1993). Cuticular polar lipids of insects, In Insect Lipids: Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biology, (Stanley-Samuelson, D. W. and Nelson, D. R., eds.), pp. 227–270, Univ. Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buschinger, A. (1974). Experimente und Beobachtung zur Gründung und Entwicklung neuer Sozietäten der sklavenhaltenden Ameise Harpagoxenus sublaevis (Nyl.). Insectes Soc. 21: 381–406.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buseninger, A. (1986). Evolution of social parasitism in ants. Tree 1: 155–160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buschinger, A. (1990). Sympatric speciation and radiative evolution of socially parasitic ants-Heretic hypotheses and their factual background. Z. Zool. Syst. Evol. 28: 241–260.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buschinger, A. and Maschwitz, U. (1984). Defensive behavior and defensive mechanisms in ants, In Defensive Mechanisms in Social Insects, (Herman, H. R., ed.), pp. 95–150, Praeger, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cane, J. H. and Tengö, J. (1981). Pheromonal cues direct mate-seeking behavior of male Colletes cunicularis (Hymenoptera: Colletidae). J. Chem. Ecol. 7: 427–436.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carlin, N. F. and Hölldobler, B. (1983). Nestmate and kin recognition in interspecific mixed colonies of ants. Science 222: 1027–1029.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter, J. M. (1991). Phylogenetic relationships and the origin of social behavior in the Vespidae, In The Social Behavior of Wasps (Ross, K. G. and Matthews, R. W., eds.), pp. 7–32, Comstock/Cornell, Ithaca, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cederberg, B. (1977). Evidence for trail-marking in Bombus terrestris workers (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Zoon 5: 143–146.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cederberg, B. (1979). Odour guided host selection in Psithyrus (Hym., Apidae). Ent. Tidskr. 100: 128–129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cederberg, B. (1983). The role of trail pheromones in host selection by Psithyrus rupestris (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Ann. Entomol. Fenn. 49: 11–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cervo, R., Lorenzi, M. C., and Turillazzi, S. (1990). Nonaggressive usurpation of the nest of Polistes biglumis bimaculatus by the social parasite Sulcopolistes atrimandibularis (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Insectes Soc. 37: 333–347.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clausen, C. P. (1940). The oviposition habits of the Eucharidae (Hymenoptera). J. Washington Acad. Sci. 30: 504–516.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clausen, C. P. (1941). The habits of the Eucharidae. Psyche 48: 57–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clément, J.-L. (1986). Open and closed societies in Reticulitermes termites (Isoptera, Rhinotermitidae): Geographic and seasonal variations. Sociobiology 11: 311–323.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, C. (1976). Notes on a local fishing or bolas spider Ordgarius monstrosus. North Queensland Nat. 44: 2–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cool-Kwait, E. and Topoff, H. (1984). Raid organization and behavioral development in the slave-making ant Polyergus lucidus Mayr. Insectes Soc. 31: 361–374.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dettner, K. and Liepert, C. (1994). Chemical mimicry and camouflage. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 39: 129–154.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dumpert, K. (1972). Alarmstoffrezeptoren auf der Antenne von lasius fuliginosus (Latr.) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Z. vergl. Physiol. 76: 403–425.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eberhard, W. G. (1977). Aggressive chemical mimicry by a bolas spider. Science 198: 1173–1175.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eberhard, W. G. (1980). The natural history and behavior of the bolas spider Mastophora dizzydeani sp. n. (Araneidae). Psyche 87: 143–169

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eberhard, W. G. (1981). The single line web of Phoroncidia studo Levi (Araneae: Theridiidae): A prey attractant? J. Arachnol. 9: 229–232.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eisner, T., Hicks, K., Eisner, M., and Robson, D. S. (1978). “Wolf-in-sheep’s-clothing” strategy of a predaceous insect larva. Science 199: 790–794.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elgert, B. and Rosengren, R. (1977). The guest ant Formicoxenus nitidulus follows the scent trail of its wood ant host (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Mem. Soc. Fauna Flora Fenn. 53: 35–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Errard, C. (1986). Role of early experience in mixed-colony recognition in the ants Manica rubida and Formica selysi. Ethology 72: 243–249.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Errard, C, Bagnères, A.-G., and Clément, J.-L. (1988). Les signaux chimiques de la reconnaissance interspecifique chez les fourmis. Actes Coll. Insectes Soc. 5: 285–292.

    Google Scholar 

  • Escoubas, P. and Blum, M. S. (1990). The biological activities of ant-derived alkaloids, In Applied Myrmecology: A World Perspective, (Vander Meer, R. K., Jaffe, K., and Cedeno, A., eds.), pp. 482–489, Westview, Boulder, Colorado.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fales, H. M., Jaouni, T. M., Schmidt, J. O., and Blum, M. S. (1980). Mandibular gland allomones of Dasymutilla occidentalis and other mutillid wasps. J. Chem. Ecol. 6: 895–903.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Field, J. (1992). Intraspecific parasitism as an alternative reproductive tactic in nest-building wasps and bees. Biol. Rev. 67: 79–126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fielde, A. M. (1903). Artificial mixed nests of ants. Biol. Bull. Mar. Biol. Lab. Woods Hole 5: 320–325.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fielde, A. M. (1904). Power of recognition among ants. Biol. Bull. Mar. Biol. Lab. Woods Hole 7: 227–250.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fielde„ A. M. (1905). The progressive odor of ants. Biol. Bull. Mar. Biol. Lab. Woods Hole 10: 1–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, R. M. (1983a). Behavioral interactions between a social parasite, Psithyrus citrinus (Hymenoptera: Apidae), and its bumble bee hosts. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Ontario 114: 55–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, R. M. (1983b). Inability of the social parasite Psithyrus ashtoni to suppress ovarian development in workers of Bombus affinis (Hymenoptera: Apidae). J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 56: 69–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, R. M. (1983c). Recognition of host nest odour by the bumble bee social parasite Psithyrus ashtoni (Hymenoptera: Apidae). N. Y. Entomol. Soc. 91: 503–507.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, R. M. (1984a). Dominance by a bumble bee social parasite (Psithyrus citrinus) over workers of its host (Bombus impatiens). Anim. Behav. 32: 303–304.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, R. M. (1984b). Evolution and host specificity: A study of the invasion success of a specialized bumble bee social parasite. Can. J. Zool. 62: 1641–1644.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, R. M. (1985). Evolution and host specificity: Dichotomous invasion success of Psithyrus citrinus (Hymenoptera: Apidae), a bumble bee social parasite in colonies of its two hosts. Can. J. Zool. 63: 977–981.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, R. M. (1987a). Temporal dynamics of facultative social parasitism in bumble bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Anim. Behav. 35: 1628–1636.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, R. M. (1987b). Queen-worker conflict and social parasitism in bumble bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Anim. Behav. 35: 1026–1036.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, R. M. and Sampson, B.J. (1992). Morphological specializations of the bumble bee social parasite Psithyrus ashtoni (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Can. Entomol. 124: 69–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, R. M. and Weary, D. M. (1988). Buzzing bees: Communication between bumble bee social parasites (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and their hosts. Bioacoustics 1: 3–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, R. M., Greenwood, D. R. and Shaw, G. J. (1993). Host recognition and the study of a chemical basis for attraction by cuckoo bumble bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae). J. Chem. Ecol. 19: 771–786.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fletcher, D. J. C. and Michener, C. D. eds. (1987). Kin Recognition in Animals. Wiley and Sons, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forel, A. (1929). The Social World of the Ants Compared with that of Man, Vol. 1 and 2. Albert and Charles Boni, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Franks, N., Blum, M. S., Smith, R.-K., and Allies, A. B. (1990). Behavior and chemical disguise of cuckoo ant Leptothorax kutteri in relation to its host Leptothorax acervorum. J. Chem. Ecol. 16: 1431–1444.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Free, J. B. (1987). Pheromones of Social Bees. Comstock, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Free, J. B., and Butler, C. G. (1959). Bumblebees. Macmillan, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garnett, W. B., Akre, R. D., and Sehlke, G. (1985). Chemical mimicry and predation by myrmecophilous Diptera (Diptera: Syrphidae). Fla. Entomol. 68: 615–621.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gösswald, K. (1938). Grundsätzliches über parasitische Ameisen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Abhängigen Koloniegründung von Lasius umbratus mixtus Nyl. Z. Wiss. Zool. 151: 101–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greene, A., Akre, R. D., and Landolt, P. J. (1978). Behavior of the yellowjacket social parasite, Dolichovespula arctica (Rohwer) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Melanderia 29: 1–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenslade, P. J. M. (1976). A Guide to the Ants of South Australia, South Australia Museum, Adelaide, Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenslade, P. J. M. and Greenslade, P. (1989). Ground layer invertebrate fauna, In Mediterrean Landscapes in Australia: Mallee Ecosystems and Their Management, (Nobel, J. C. and Bradstock, R. A., eds.), pp. 266–284, CSIRO and ANU, Canberra, Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenslade, P. J. M. and Halliday, R. B. (1983). Colony dispersion and relationships of meat ants Iridomyrmex purpureus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and allies in an arid locality in South Australia. Insectes Soc. 30: 82–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Habersetzer, C. (1993). Cuticular spectra and inter-individual recognition in the slave-making ant Polyergus rufescens and the slave species Formica rufibarbis. Physiol. Entomol. 18: 167–175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Habersetzer, C. and Bonavita-Cougourdan, A. (1993). Cuticular spectra in the slave-making ant Polyergus furicens and the slave species Formica rufibarbis. Physiol. Entomol. 18: 160–166.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hadley, N. F. (1977). Epicuticular lipids of the desert tenebrionid beetle, Eleodes armata: Seasonal and acclimatory effects on composition. Insect Biochem. 7: 277–283.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, J. C. (1986). Mutants of biological rhythms and conditioned behavior in Drosophila courtship, In Evolutionary Genetics of Invertebrate Behavior: Progress and Prospects, (Huettel, M. D., ed.), pp. 237–246, Plenum, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haverty, M. I., Page, M., Nelson, L. J., and Blomquist, G. J. (1988). Cuticular hydrocarbons of dampwood termites, Zootermopsis: Intra- and intercolony variation and potential as taxonomic characters. J. Chem. Ecol. 14: 1035–1058.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hefetz, A. and Lloyd, H. A. (1983). Identification of new components from anal glands of Tapinoma simrothi Pheonicium. J. Chem. Ecol. 9: 607–613.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heinze, J. (1991). Biochemical studies on the relationship between socially parasitic ants and their hosts. Biochem. Sys. Ecol. 19: 195–206.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heinze, J., Stuart, R. J., Alloway, T. M. and Buschinger, A. (1992). Host specificity in the slave-making ant Harpagoxenus canadensis M. R. Smith. Can. J. Zool. 70: 167–170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heraty, J. M. (1985). A revision of the nearctic Eucharitinae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eucharitidae). Proc. Entomol. Soc. Ontario 116: 61–103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, W. B., Akre, R. D., and Huber, J. D. (1976). Structure of some epidermal glands in the myrmecophilous beetle Adranes taylori (Coleoptera: Pselaphidae). J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 49: 367–384.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hölldobler, B. (1967). Zur Physiologie der Gast-Wirt-Beziehungen (Myrmecophilie) bei Ameisen. I. Das Gastverhältnis der Atemeies- und Lomechusa Larven (Col. Staphylinidae) zu Formica (Hym. Formicidae). Z. vergl. Physiol. 56: 1–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hölldobler, B. (1970). Zur Physiologie der Gast-Wirt-Beziehungen (Myrmecophilie) bei Ameisen. II. Das Gastverhältnis des imaginalen Atemeiespubicollis Bris. (Col. Staphylinidae) zu Myrmica und Formica (Hym. Formicidae). Z. vergl. Physiol. 66: 176–189.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hölldobler, B. (1971). Communication between ants and their guests. Sci. Am. 224: 86–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hölldobler, B. (1972). Verhaltensphysiologische Adaptationen an ökologische Nischen in ameisennestern. Verh. Dtsch. Zool. Ges. 65: 137–143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hölldobler, B. (1973). Chemische strategie beim nahrungserwerb der Diebsameise (Soleonopsis fugax Latr.) und der Pharaoameise (Monomorium pharaonis L.). Oecologia 11: 371–380.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hölldobler, B. (1982). Interference strategy of Iridomyrmex pruinosum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) during foraging. Oecologia 52: 208–213.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hölldobler, B. and Carlin, N. F. (1987). Anonymity and specificity in the chemical communication signals of social insects. J. Comp. Physiol. A 161: 567–581.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hölldobler, B. and Markl, H. (1989). Notes on interspecific, mixed colonies in the harvester ant genus Pogonomyrmex. Psyche 96: 237–238.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hölldobler, B. and Wilson, E. O. (1990). The Ants. Belknap/Harvard, Cambridge, Mass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hölldobler, B., Möglich, M., and Maschwitz, U. (1981). Myrmecophilic relationship of Pella (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) to Lasius fulgininosus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Psyche 88: 347–374.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Howard, R. W. (1976). Observations on behavioral interactions between Trichopsenius frosti Seevers (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) and Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Sociobiology 2: 189–192.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howard, R. W. (1978). Proctodeal feeding by termitophilous Staphylinidae associated with Reticulitermes virginicus (Banks). Science 201: 541–543.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howard, R. W. (1979). Mating behavior of Trichopsenius frosti: utilization of physogastric Reticulitermes flavipes queens as sexual aggregation centers. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 72: 127–129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howard, R. (1980). Trail-following by termitophiles. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 73: 36–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howard, R. W. (1991). Guess who’s coming to dinner? The behavioral and chemical ecology of termites and termitophiles. Melandria 47: 59–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howard, R. W. (1993). Cuticular hydrocarbons and chemical communication, In Insect Lipids: Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biology, (Stanley-Samuelson, D. W. and Nelson, D. R., eds.), pp. 179–226, Univ. Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howard, R. W., Akre, R. D., and Garnett, W. B. (1990a). Chemical mimicry in an obligate predator of carpenter ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 83: 607–616.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howard, R. W., McDaniel, C. A., and Blomquist, G. J. (1978). Cuticular hydrocarbons of the eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). J. Chem. Ecol. 4: 233–245.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howard, R. W., McDaniel, C. A., and Blomquist, G. J. (1980). Chemical mimicry as an integrating mechanism: cuticular hydrocarbons of a termitophile and its host. Science 210: 431–433.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howard, R. W., McDaniel, C. A., and Blomquist, G. J. (1982b). Chemical mimicry as an integrating mechanism for three termitophiles associated with Reticulitermes virginicus (Banks). Psyche 89: 157–167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Howard, R. W., Stanley-Samuelson, D. W., and Akre, R. D. (1990b). Biosynthesis and chemical mimicry of cuticular hydrocarbons from the obligate predator, Microdon albicomatus Novak (Diptera: Syrphidae) and its ant prey, Myrmica incompleta Provancher (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 63: 437–443

    Google Scholar 

  • Howard, R. W., Jones, S. C., Mauldin, J. K., and Beal, R. H. (1982a). Abundance, distribution, and colony size estimates for Reticulitermes spp. (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in southern Mississippi. Environ. Entomol. 11: 1290–1293.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howard, R. W., McDaniel, C. A., Nelson, D. R., Blomquist, G. J., Gelbaum, L. T., and Zalkow, L. H. (1982c). Cuticular hydrocarbons of Reticulitermes virginicus (Banks) and their role as potential species- and caste-recognition cues. J. Chem. Ecol. 8: 1227–1239.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huber, P. (1810). Recherches sur les Moeurs des Fourmis Indigènes. Paschoud, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchison, C. E. (1903). A bolas throwing spider. Sci. Am. 89: 172.

    Google Scholar 

  • Isingrini, M., Lenoir, A., and Jaisson, P. (1985). Preimaginal learning as a basis of colony-brood recognition in the ant Cataglyphis cursor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82: 8545–8547.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobson, H. R., Kistner, D. H., and Pasteels, J. M. (1986). Generic revision, phylogenetic classification, and phylogeny of the termitophilous tribe Corotocini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Sociobiology 12: 1–245.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, L. K. (1987). The pyrrhic victory of nest robbing bees: did they use the wrong pheromone? Biotropica 19: 188–189.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, T. H., Blum, M. S., and Fales, H. M. (1982a). Ant venom alkaloids from Solenopsis and Monomorium species, recent developments. Tetrahedron 38: 1949–1958.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, T. H., Blum, M. S., Escoubas, P., and Musthak, A. T. M. (1989). Novel pyrrolidines in the venom of the ant Monomorium indicum. J. Nat. Prod. 52: 779–784.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, T. H., Meinwald, J., Hicks, K., and Eisner, T. (1977). Characterization and synthesis of volatile compounds from the defensive secretions of some “daddy longlegs” (Arachnida: Opiliones: Leiobunum spp.). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74: 419–422.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, T. H., Blum, M. S., Andersen, A. N., Fales, H. M., and Escoubas, P. (1988). Novel 2-ethyl-5-alkylpyrrolidines in the venom of an Australian ant of the genus Monomorium. J. Chem. Ecol. 14: 35–45.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, T. H., Conner, W. E., Kluge, A. F., Eisner, T., and Meinwald, J. (1976). Defensive substances of Opilionids. Experientia 32: 1234–1235.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, T. H., Blum, M. S., Howard, R. W., McDaniel, C. A., Fales, H. M., DuBois, M. B., and Torres, J. (1982b). Venom chemistry of ants in the genus Monomorium. J. Chem. Ecol. 8: 285–300.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jouvenaz, D. P., Vander Meer, R. K. and Wojcik, D. P. (1988). Chemical mimicry in a parasitoid, Orasema sp. (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae) of fire ants. Proc. 18th Intern. Congr. Entomol., Abstr., p. 243, International Congress of Entomology, Vancouver, British Columbia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaib, M., Heinze, J. and Ortius, D. (1993). Cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of adults and pupae in the slave-making ant Harpagoxenus sublaevis and its hosts. Naturwissenschaften 80: 281–285.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kistner, D. H. (1968). Revision of the myrmecophilous species of the tribe Myrmedonini. part II. The genera Aenictonia and Anommatochara-Their relationships and behavior. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 61: 971–986.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kistner, D. H. (1969). The biology of termitophiles, In Biology of Termites, Vol. 1, (Krishna, K. and Weesner, F. M., eds.), pp. 525–557 Academic, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kistner, D. H. (1977). New species and records of the termitophilous genus Schizelythron from Malaya with a brief note on their behavior (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Trichopseniinae). Sociobiology 2: 297–304.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kistner, D. H. (1979). Social and evolutionary significance of social insect symbionts, In Social Insects, Vol. 1, (Herman, H., ed.), pp. 340–413, Academic, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kistner, D. H. (1982). The social insects’ bestiary, In Social Insects, Vol. 3, (Herman, H., ed.), pp. 1–244, Academic, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kistner, D. H. (1984). A review of the termitophilous genus Termitodiscus with an analysis of the relationships of the species and a review of their behavior and relationship to their termite hosts (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae; Isoptera: Termitidae). Sociobiology 8: 225–285.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kistner, D. H. (1990). The integration of foreign insects into termite societies or why do termites tolerate foreign insects in their societies? Sociobiology 17: 191–215.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kistner, D. H. (1993). Cladistic analysis, taxonomic restructuring and revision of the Old World genera formerly classified as Dorylomimini with comments on their evolution and behavior (Coleptera: Staphylinidae). Sociobiology 22: 151–374.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kistner, D. H. and Blum, M. S. (1971). Alarm pheromone of Lasius (Dendrolasius) spathepus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and its possible mimicry by two species of Pella (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 64: 589–594.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kistner, D. and Howard, R. W. (1980). First report of larval and pupal Trichopseniinae: external morphology, taxonomy and behavior. Sociobiology 5: 3–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kistner, D. H. and Jacobson, H. R. (1975). A review of the myrmecophilous Staphylinidae associated with Aenictus in Africa and the Orient (Coleoptera; Hymenoptera, Formicidae) with notes on their behavior and glands. Sociobiology 1: 21–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kistner, D. H. and Jacobson, H. R. (1990). Cladistic analysis and taxonomic revision of the ecitophilous tribe Ecitocharini with studies of their behavior and evolution (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae). Sociobiology 17: 333–465.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolbe, W. and Proske, M. G. (1973). Iso-Valeriansäure im Abwehrsekret von Zyras humeralis (Col. Staphylinidae) an Waldameisen. Entomol. Blätter 69: 57–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kutter, H. (1969). Die sozialparasitischen Ameisen der Schweiz, Viert. Naturf.Gesell. Zurich, 113: 1–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • LeMoli, F. and Mori, A. (1987). The problem of enslaved ant species: origin and behavior, In From Individual to Collective Behavior in Social Insects, (Pasteels, J. M. and Deneubourg, J.-L., eds.), pp. 333–363, Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, Switzerland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lenoir, A., Detrain, C., and Barbazanges, N. (1992a). Host trail following by the guest ant Formicoxenus provancheri. Experientia 48: 94–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lenoir, A., Errard, C., Francoeur, A., and Loiselle, R. (1992b). Relations entre la fourmi parasite Formicoxenus provancheri et son hôte Myrmica incompleta. Données biologiques et éthogiques (Hym. Formicidae). Insectes Soc. 39: 81–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd, J. E. (1979). Mating behavior and natural selection. Fla. Entomol. 62: 17–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd, J. E. (1984). On deception, a way of all flesh, and firefly signalling and systematics, In Oxford Survey of Evolutionary Biology, (Dawkins, R. and Ridley, M., eds.), pp. 48–84, Oxford Univ., Oxford, U.K..

    Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd, H. A., Schmuff, N. R., and Hefetz, A. (1986). Chemistry of the anal glands of Bothriomyrmex syrius Forel: Olfactory mimetism and temporary social parasitism. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 83B: 71–73.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lockey, K. H. (1988). Lipids of the insect cuticle: origin, composition and function. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 89B: 595–645

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lok, J. B., Cupp, E. W., and Blomquist, G. J. (1975). Cuticular lipids of the imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta and richteri. Insect Biochem. 5: 821–829.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Longman, H. A. (1922). The magnificent spider: Dicrostichus magnificus Rainbow. Notes on cocoon spinning and method of catching prey. Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 33: 91–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lorenzi, M. C., Cervo, R., and Turillazzi. (1992). Effects of social parasitism of Polistes atrimandibularis on the colony cycle and brood production of Polistes biglumis bimaculatus (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) Boll. Zool. 59: 267–271.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marlin, J. C. (1968). Notes on a new method of colony formation employed by Polyergus lucidus Mayr. Illinois State Acad Sci. 61: 207–209.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mascord, R. (1970). Australian Spiders in Colour. Reed Books, Sydney, Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGurk, D. J., Frost, J., Waller, G. R., Eisenbraun, E. J., Vick, K., Drew, W. A., and Young, J. (1968). Iridodial isomer variation in dolichoderines. J. Insect Physiol. 14: 841–845.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McKeown, K. C. (1952). Australian Spiders, Sirius Books, (1963 rev. by N. L. Roberts), Angus and Robertson, Sydney, Australia.

    Google Scholar 

  • McMahan, E. A. (1982). Bait-and-capture strategy of a termite-eating assassin bug. Insectes Soc. 29: 346–351.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McMahan, E. A. (1983). Adaptations, feeding preferences, and biometrics of a termite-baiting assassin bug (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 76: 483–486.

    Google Scholar 

  • McNeil, J. N. (1991). Behavioral ecology of pheromone-mediated communication in moths and its importance in the use of pheromone traps. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 36: 407–430.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meinwald, J., Kluge, A. F., Carrel, J. E., and Eisner, T. (1971). Acyclid ketones in the defensive secretions of a daddy longlegs (Leiobunum vittatum) (Arachnida/Opiliones). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 68: 1467–1468.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Michener, C.D. (1974). The Social Behavior of the Bees. Belknap/Harvard, Cambridge, Mass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitter, C. and Klun, J. A. (1987). Evidence of pheromonal constancy among sexual and asexual females in a population of the fall cankerworm Alsophila pometaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). J. Chem. Ecol. 13: 1823–1830.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, B. P. (1969). Biochemical studies in termites, In Biology of Termites, Vol. 1, (Krishna, K. and Weesner, F. M., eds.), pp. 407–432, Academic, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morel, L. and Blum, M. S. (1988). Nestmate recognition in Camponotus floridanus worker ants: are sisters or nestmates recognized? Anim. Behav. 36: 718–725.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morel, L., Vander Meer, R. K., and Lavine, B. K. (1988). Ontogeny of nestmate recognition cues in the red carpenter ant (Camponotus floridanus): Behavioral and chemical evidence for the role of age and social experience. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 22: 175–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moritz, R. F. A. (1991). Kin recognition in honeybees: experimental artefact or biological reality?, In The Behaviour and Physiology of Bees, (Goodman, L. J. and Fisher, R. C., eds.), pp. 48–59, C. A. B. International, London, U.K.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moure, J. S. (1946). Sobre a abelha tatairo ou cagafogo. Chacaras Quintais 73: 612–613.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, D. R., Fatland, C. L., Howard, R. W., McDaniel, C. A., and Blomquist, G. J. (1980). Re-analysis of the cuticular methylalkanes of Solenopsis invicta and S. richten. Insect Biochem. 10: 409–418.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nogueiro-Neto, P. (1970). Behavior problems related to the pillages made by some parasitic stingless bees (Meliponinae, Apidae), In Essays in Memory of T.C. Schneirla, (Aronson,R., Tobach, E., Lehman, D. S. and Rosenblatt, J. S., eds.), pp. 416–464, Freeman, San Francisco.

    Google Scholar 

  • Obin, M. S. (1986). Nestmate recognition cues in laboratory and field colonies of Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Effect of environment and role of cuticular hydrocarbons. J. Chem. Ecol. 12: 1965–1975.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Odhiambo, T. R. (1958a). The camouflaging habits of Acanthaspis petax Stål (Hem., Reduviidae) in Uganda. Entomol. Mon. Mag. 94: 47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Odhiambo, T. R. (1958b). Some observations on the natural history of Acanthaspis petax Stål (Hemi., Reduviidae) living in termite mounds in Uganda. Proc. R. Entomol. Soc. London (A) 33: 167–175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oliveira, P. S. and Sazima, I. (1985). Ant-hunting behaviour in spiders with emphasis on Strophius nigricans (Thomisidae). Bull. Br. Arachnol. Soc. 6: 309–312.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ollett, D. G., Morgan, E. D., Attygalle, A. B., and Billen, J. P. J. (1987). The contents of the Dufour gland of the ant Harpagoxenus sublaevis Ny1. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Z. Naturforsch. 42c: 141–146.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peschke, K. (1983). Defensive and pheromonal secretion of the tergal gland of Aleochara curtula II. Release and inhibition of male copulatory behavior. J. Chem. Ecol. 9: 13–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peschke, K. (1985). Immature males of Aleochara curtula avoid intrasexual aggression by producing the female sex pheromone. Naturwissenschaften 72: 274–275.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peschke, K. (1987a). Male aggression, female mimicry and female choice in the rove beetle, Aleochara curtula (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Ethology 75: 265–284.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peschke, K. (1987b). Cuticular hydrocarbons regulate mate recognition, male aggression, and female choice of the rove beetle, Aleochara curtula. J. Chem. Ecol. 13: 1993–2008.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peschke, K. and Metzler, M. (1987). Cuticular hydrocarbons and female sex pheromones of the rove beetle, Aleochara curtula (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Insect Biochem. 17: 167–178.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Plath, O. E. (1934). Bumblebees and Their Ways. Macmillan, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Provost, E. (1985). The closure of ant societies. I. Analysis of interactions involved in experimental encounters between worker ants of the same species (genus Leptothorax or Camponotus lateralis) but from different societies. Insectes Soc. 32: 445–462.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quilico, A., Piozzi, F. and Pavan, M. (1957). The structure of dendrolasin. Tetrahedron 1: 177–185.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Regnier, F. E. and Wilson, E. O. (1971). Chemical communication and “propaganda” in slave-maker ants. Science 172: 267–269.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rinderer, T. E., Blum, M. S., Fales, H. M., Bian, Z., Jones, T. H., Buco, S. M., Lancaster, V. A., Danka, R. S., and Howard, D. F. (1988). Nest plundering allomones of the fire bee Trigona (Oxytrigona) mellicolor. J. Chem. Ecol. 14: 495–501.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roubik, D. W., Smith, B. H., and Carlson, R. G. (1987). Formic acid in caustic cephalic secretions of stingless bee, Oxytrigona (Hymenoptera: Apidae). J. Chem. Ecol. 13: 1079–1086.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sakagami, S. F., Roubik, D. W., and Zucchi, R. (1993). Ethology of the robber stingless bee, Lestrimelitta limao (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Sociobiology 21: 231–211.

    Google Scholar 

  • San Martin, P. R. (1968). Notas sobre Fustiger elegans Raffray (Coleoptera, Pselaphidae) en el Uruguay y la Argentina. Physis 28: 59–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Santschi, F. (1920). Fourmis du genre “Bothriomyrmex” Emery (Systematique et moeurs). Rev. Zool. Africaine. 1: 201–224.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schröder, W. (1985). Vergleichende Untersuchungen flüchtiger Inhaltsstoffe von solitären und sozialen Bienen. Ph. D. Dissertation. Fachbereich Chemie, Univ. Hamburg, Germany.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shower, J. A. and Kistner, D. H. (1977). The natural history of the myrmecophilous tribe Pygostenini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Section 4. Glandular anatomy of the Pygostenini. Sociobiology 2: 305–321.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silveira Guido, A., San Martin, P., Crisci-Pisano, C., and Carbonell-Bruhn, J. (1963). Investigations on the biology and biological control of the fire ant, Solenopsis saevissima richten Forel in Uruguay. Second and third reports. Dept. Sanidad Veg., Fac. Agron., Univ. Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spicer, R. M. and Kistner, D. H. (1980). The behavior and exocrine gland system of Termitoides marginatus (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) with a redescription of the genus and species. Sociobiology 5: 215–247.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stäger, R. (1925). Das Leben der Gastameise (Formicoxenus nitidulus Nyl.) in neuer Beleuchtung. Z. Morph. Ökol. Tiere 3: 452–476.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stejskal, M. (1962). Duft als ‘Sprache’ der tropischen Bienen. Südwestdeut. Imker 49: 271.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stowe, M. K. (1986). Prey specialization in the Araneidae, In Spiders: Webs, Behavior and Evolution, (Shear, W. A., ed.), pp. 101–131, Stanford Univ., Stanford, Calif.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stowe, M. K. (1988). Chemical mimicry, In Chemical Mediation of Co-evolution, (Spencer, K. C., ed.), pp. 513–580, Academic, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stowe, M. K., Tumlinson, J. H. and Heath, R. R. (1987). Chemical mimicry: Bolas spiders emit components of moth prey species sex pheromones. Science 236: 964–967.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stuart, R.J. (1984). Experiments on colony foundation in the slave-making ant Harpagoxenus canadensis M. R. Smith (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Can. J. Zool. 62: 1995–2001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Talbot, M. (1968). Flights of the ant Polyergus lucidus Mayr. Psyche 75: 46–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Toolson, E. C. and Hadley, N. F. (1977). Cuticular permeability and epicuticular lipid composition in two Arizona vejovid scorpions. Physiol. Zool. 50: 323–330.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Topoff, H. (1990). Slave-making ants. Am. Sci. 78: 520–528.

    Google Scholar 

  • Topoff, H., Cover, S., Greenberg, L., Goodloe, L., and Sherman, P. (1988). Colony founding by queens of the obligatory slave-making ant. Polyergus breviceps: the role of Dufour’s gland. Ethology 78: 209–218.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Torgerson, R. L. and Akre, R. D. (1969). Reproductive morphology and behavior of a Thysanuran, Trichatelura manni, associated with army ants. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 62: 1367–1374.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trave, R. and Pavan, M. (1956). Veleni degli insetti. Principi estratti dalla formica Tapinoma nigerrimum Nyl. Chem. Ind. Milano 38: 1015–1019.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Turillazzi, S. (1992). Nest usurpation and social parasitism in Polistes wasps: New acquisitions and current problems, In Biology and Evolution of Social Insects, (Billen, J. ed.), pp. 263–272, Leuven Univ., Leuven, Belgium.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vander Meer, R. K. and Wojcik, D. P. (1982). Chemical mimicry in a myrmecophilous beetle Myrmecaphodius excaviticollis. Science 218: 806–808.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vander Meer, R. K. and Lofgren, C.S. (1990). Chemotaxonomy applied to fire ant systematics in the United States and South America, In Applied Myrmecology, a world perspective, (Vander Meer, R. K., Jaffe, K. and Cedeno, A., eds.), pp. 75–84, Westview, Boulder, Colo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vander Meer, R. K., Jouvenaz, D. P., and Wojcik, D. P. (1989a). Chemical mimicry in a parasitoid (Hymenoptera: Eucharitidae) of fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J. Chem. Ecol. 15: 2247–2261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vander Meer, R. K., Obin, M. S., and Morel, L. (1990). Nestmate recognition in fire ants: monogyne and polygyne populations, In Applied Myrmecology, a world perspective, (Vander Meer, R. K., Jaffe, K., and Cedeno, A., eds.), pp. 322–328, Westview, Boulder, Colo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vander Meer, R. K., Saliwanchik, D., and Lavine, B. (1989b). Temporal changes in colony cuticular hydrocarbon patterns of Solenopsis invicta. Implications for nestmate recognition. J. Chem. Ecol. 15: 2115–2125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wheeler, W. M. (1907). The polymorphism of ants, with an account of some singular abnormalities due to parasitism. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 23: 1–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wheeler, W. M. (1928). The Social Insects: Their Origin and Function. Harcourt, Brace, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wheeler, G. C. and Wheeler, E. H. (1937). New hymenopterous parasites of ants (Chalcidoidea: Eucharidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 30: 163–173.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, R. N. (1980). Insect natural enemies of fire ants in South America with several new records. Proc. Tall Timbers Conf. 7: 123–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, E. O. (1975). Slavery in ants. Sci. Am. 232: 32–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wittmann, D. (1985). Aerial defense of the nest by workers of the stingless bee Trigona (Tetragonisca) angustula (Latreille) (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 16: 111–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wittmann, D., Radtke, R., Zeil, J., Lubke, G., and Francke, W. (1990). Robber bees (Lestrimelitta limao) and their host: Chemical and visual cues in nest defense by Trigona (Tetragonisca) angustula (Apidae: Meliponinae). J. Chem. Ecol. 16: 631–641.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wojcik, D. P. (1975). Biology of Myrmecaphodius excavaticollis (Blanchard) and Euparia castanea Serville (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and their relationships to Solenopsis spp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Ph. D. Dissertation, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wojcik, D. P. (1980). Fire ant myrmecophiles: Behavior of Myrmecosaurus ferrugineus Bruch (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) with comments on its abundance. Sociobiology 5: 63–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wojcik, D. P. (1989). Behavioral interactions between ants and their parasites. Fla. Entomol. 72: 43–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wojcik, D. P. (1990). Behavioral interactions of fire ants and their parasites, predators and inquilines, In Applied Myrmecology, a world perspective, (Vander Meer, R. K., Jaffe, K., and Cedeno, A., eds.), pp. 329–344, Westview, Boulder, Colo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodroffe, G. E. (1958). The mode of reproduction of Ptinus clavipes panzer from mobilis Moore (= P. latro auct.) (Coleoptera: Ptinidae). Proc. R. Entomol. Soc. London Ser. A 33: 25–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamaoka, R. (1990). Chemical approach to understanding interactions among organisms. Physiol. Ecol. Japan 27 (special no.): 31–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yeargan, K. V. (1988). Ecology of a bolas spider, Mastophora hutchinsoni: phenology, hunting tactics and evidence for aggressive chemical mimicry. Oecologia 14: 265–284.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yeargan, K. V. (1994). Biology of bolas spiders, Annu. Rev. Entomol. 39: 81–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zalkow, L. H., Howard, R. W., Gelbaum, L. T., Gordon, M. M., Deutsch, H. M., and Blum, M. S. (1981). Chemical ecology of Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) and R. virginicus (Banks) (Rhinotermitidae): Chemistry of the soldier cephalic secretions. J. Chem. Ecol. 7: 717–731.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. USDA-ARS U.S. Grain Marketing Research Laboratory, USA

    Ralph W. Howard

  2. Department of Entomology, Washington State University, USA

    Roger D. Akre

Authors
  1. Ralph W. Howard
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Roger D. Akre
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1995 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Howard, R.W., Akre, R.D. (1995). Propaganda, Crypsis, and Slave-making. In: Chemical Ecology of Insects 2. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1765-8_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1765-8_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-412-03961-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-1765-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation