Abstract
The evolution of manufacturing from stand-alone automation to computer-integrated manufacturing has occurred since the 1960s. During the 1960s, stand-alone automation received the most attention. This type of automation, also known as point automation, consists of workstations that may vary from one numerically controlled machine to a number of numerically controlled machines operated by a skilled operator. In standalone automation, the material handling normally is performed manually.
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© 2000 Springer Science+Business Media New York
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Kamrani, A.K., Salhieh, S.M. (2000). Flexible and Modular Cell Design. In: Product Design for Modularity. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1725-2_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1725-2_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-5697-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-1725-2
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