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Neurotransmitter and Growth Factor Alterations in Functional Deficits and Recovery Following Traumatic Brain Injury

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Brain Injury

Part of the book series: Molecular and Cellular Biology of Critical Care Medicine ((MCCM,volume 2))

Abstract

It is well established that traumatic brain injury (TBI), regardless of level of severity, may result in significant disability due to its attendant neurobehavioral deficits. Neuropsychological studies of outcome following TBI have indicated that the most enduring deficits include impaired learning and memory (Parker et al., 1976; Levin et al., 1979). Impairment in memory specifically involves reduced ability to learn new information, which is greater following severe TBI, although it is present even after mild TBI (Levin et al., 1987). This chapter will cover recent developments in the roles of neurotransmitter and growth factor alterations in long-term functional deficits and recovery following TBI. The neurotransmitter section will focus on the cholinergic, catecholaminergic, and serotonergic systems as prototypic neurotransmitter systems for memory and frontal lobe function. Neuronal survival and/or regeneration may be influenced by changes in growth factors following TBI. Therefore, this chapter will also review studies of growth factor responses to TBI and the therapeutic efficacy of exogeneously administered growth factors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, USA

    Anthony E. Kline, Larry W. Jenkins, Hong Q. Yan & C. Edward Dixon

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  1. Anthony E. Kline
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  2. Larry W. Jenkins
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  1. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA

    Robert S. B. Clark M.D.

  2. Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Patrick Kochanek M.D.

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Kline, A.E., Jenkins, L.W., Yan, H.Q., Dixon, C.E. (2001). Neurotransmitter and Growth Factor Alterations in Functional Deficits and Recovery Following Traumatic Brain Injury. In: Clark, R.S.B., Kochanek, P. (eds) Brain Injury. Molecular and Cellular Biology of Critical Care Medicine, vol 2. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1721-4_13

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