Introduction

Abstract

Embedded systems are loosely defined as any system that utilizes electronics but is not perceived or used as a general purpose computer. Traditionally, one or more electronic circuits or microprocessors are literally embedded in the system either taking up roles that use to be performed by mechanical devices or providing functionality that is not otherwise possible. As prices of microelectronics and microprocessors continue to fall, it becomes increasingly attractive for systems to take on this electronic aspect and enjoy the advantage of higher performance, lower cost, additional features, flexibility to design changes, and faster time to market. Today, the low cost and high performance afforded by electronics spurs the creation of many products and systems that could not even be dreamt of just a few years ago. Some examples of embedded systems are automotive control systems, manufacturing systems, network switches, climate control systems, home appliances such as microwave ovens or refrigerators, cellular phones, Personal Digital Assistants, pagers, pacemakers, weapons, and toys.