Abstract
In this chapter, six sample applications of MC-LOOPS, the multicriteria extension of LOOPS, will be discussed. Three of them deal with financial investments, i.e. stock investments, and help to sketch possible applications of LOOPS in practice and related questions. The other three sample applications are motivated mainly by methodological issues and serve the discussion of the learning process specific to a method and the meta learning. Besides these examples, the system has been applied to various other sample problems for test reasons. A quite extensive application1 where parts of an earlier version of LOOPS have been used concerns the analysis of a problem in game theory, the iterated prisoners’ dilemma, under evolutionary terms. Using an evolutionary algorithm, the applied game strategies (= methods) are optimized. In this application, the games are represented by a problem class.
“It is certain that to the word communication corresponds a concept that is unique, univocal. rigorously controllable, and transmittable: in a word, communicable?”
—Jaques Derrida, Signature Event Context
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References
See Hanne (1995b).
See Keeney and Raiffa (1976), Vincke (1992) and Appendix A.3.
See, e.g., Jacquet-Lagrèze (1990).
See Tangian (1997).
See, e.g., Nagler (1979).
See Fama (1965), Lorie, Dodd and Kimpton (1985), Fama (1991), Süchting (1995, p. 395–402).
See, e.g., the case studies by Nagler (1979) and Uhlir (1979). A survey of newer results is given by Fama (1991).
See Bitz and Oehler (1991).
See Thompson and Stewart (1986), Creedy and Martin (1994).
See also Look (1994), Borsarge (1993).
See Hanne (1990) and the literature quoted therein.
Thereby, the estimations of the earning per share for the current and following years are done by editors of the journal Das Wertpapier. For this analysis, e.g., the following information is considered: preliminary data and predictions coming from the analyzed companies, trends of an industry or other company-specific information. In principle, a comparability with the (realized) DVFA results is given by doing so.
Objections could be raised against this thesis, too; see Süchting (1995, p. 94–100, 257f, 330–339) concerning questions of profit retention.
See Hanne (1989).
See Das Wertpapier 12, 1996, p. 20f. In the article, there are no further particulars about the legitimacy according to commercial law of this proceeding which appears to be questionable.
See Das Wertpapier 10, 1996, p. 15f. 30See Das Wertpapier 13, 1996, p. 15f.
See Das Wertpapier 10, 1996, p. 15f. 30See Das Wertpapier 13, 1996, p. 14f.
See, e.g., Das Wertpapier 14, 1996, p. 28.
See Das Wertpapier 1, 1997.
See, e.g., the article on Westag & Getalit in Das Wertpapier 13, 1996, p. 14f.
See, e.g., Makridakis et al. (1984).
See Appendix C.2. and also Steurer (1996).
See Chu and Widjaja (1994).
Cohon and Marks (1975) and Saaty (1997) are exceptions.
For the determination of the specific values, there are no compelling reasons. Generally, it is assumed that the data of recent time points have a larger power to predict than those from a longer time ago such that prediction data are used more and more scarcely with increasing distances in time to to. From the viewpoint of chaos theory such a strategy is supported (see, e.g., Schuster (1989), especially p. 110–117). After that, the prediction power of a dynamical system with positive Liapunov exponents decreases exponentially with the distance in time.
See, e.g., Süchting, 1995, p. 360–382, on this subject.
See, e.g., White (1988).
See Thompson and Stewart (1986).
See Hanne (1990).
See Nagler (1979), Uhlir (1979).
See Hanne (1989).
See Hwang and Yoon (1981, p. 136).
An approach similar to the one used here for determining parameters has been proposed by Greffenstette (1986) for a GA (meta GA).
See, e.g., Hanne (1995b).
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Hanne, T. (2001). Examples of the Application of Loops. In: Intelligent Strategies for Meta Multiple Criteria Decision Making. International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, vol 33. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1595-1_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1595-1_6
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