Abstract
Maintaining a sterile respiratory tract presents a unique host defense challenge determined, in part, by the large surface area of lung tissue that comes in direct contact with inhaled pathogens, particles, and gases. The constant exposure of the respiratory tract to microbial pathogens and associated inflammatory molecules is accommodated by a complex innate and acquired immune system that enhances clearance and killing of pathogens, while simultaneously attempting to minimize systemic acquired immune responses and local inflammation. Therefore, it is not surprising that a complex and multifaceted innate immune system has evolved to protect the lung against a large variety of pathogens. Pulmonary cells synthesize a repertoire of host defense molecules that bind, opsonize, or kill various pathogenic organisms. In addition to the contributions of lung parenchymal cells to host defense, phagocytes, leukocytes, mast cells, eosinophils, and lymphocytes also synthesize mediators of innate host defense. Lung parenchymal cells produce numerous small molecules and proteins with antimicrobial activities, including reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, lysozyme, lactoferrin, defensins, phospholipases, complement components, proteinase inhibitor, and secretory IgA.
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Keywords
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus
- Alveolar Macrophage
- Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
- Surfactant Protein
- Innate Host Defense
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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LeVine, A.M. (2001). Pulmonary Collectins and Defensins. In: Wong, H.R., Shanley, T.P. (eds) Molecular Biology of Acute Lung Injury. Molecular and Cellular Biology of Critical Care Medicine, vol 1. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1427-5_13
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