Abstract
Despite the fact that banks in Central Europe are still struggling with bad loan burdens, and that capital controls have slowly been eliminated, the South East Asian and Russian crises have not led to a massive failure of banks in the region. In this paper, we study economic trends and policies that may have helped to insulate CEECs from international financial contagion. Using data available from the IMF, and the BIS for nine Central European economies (Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovak Republic, and Slovenia), our results indicate that an economic constellation unique to the early transition period rather than deliberate policy decisions have stabilized the CEECs. Specifically, the lack of recent banking crisis can be attributed to a lack of speculative financing, to underdeveloped asset markets, and to more long-term international capital flows. Future problems may arise as banks are beginning to extend credit more to an expanding real sector than in the past, as asset markets become more developed, or as export growth to the EU may decline with European growth slowing down.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abel, Istvan, Pierre L. Siklos, and Istvan Szekely (1998), Moneyand Finance in the Transition to a MarketEconomy, Northampton MA: Edward Elgar.
Balino, Tomas and V. Sundararajan (1991), Banking Crises: Cases and Issues, Washington DC: International Monetary Fund.
Balczerowicz, Leszek, Barbara Blaszczyk and Marek Dabrowski (1997), “The Polish Way to the Market Economy 1989–1995”, in W.T. Woo, S. Parker and J. Sachs, eds., Economies in Transition, Cambridge MA: MIT Press.
Banerjee, Biswajit, Vincent Koen, Thomas Krueger, Mark S. Lutz, Michael Marrese, and Tapio O. Saavalainen (1995), Road Maps of the Transition: The Baltics, the Czech Republic. Hungary. and Russia, Occasional Paper #127, Washington DC: IMF.
Bank for International Settlements (BIS) 1998a), International Banking and Financial Market Developments, Basle: Bank for International Settlements.
Bank for International Settlements (BIS) 1999), Consolidated International Banking Statistics for End-1997, Basle: Bank for International Settlements.
Bank for International Settlements (BIS) (1997), Financial Stability in Emerging Market Economies, Report of the Working Party on Financial Stability in Emerging Market Economies, Basle: Bank for International Settlements.
Bank of Slovenia(BOS) (1998), Foreign Exchange Regime in Slovenia, updated October 16, 1998, http://www.bsi.si/html/eng/laws_regulations/foreign_exchange.html
Benink, Harald (1995), Coping with Financial Fragility and Systemic Risk, Financial and Monetary Policy Studies, Vol. 30, Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Benink, Harald and David Llewellyn (l994a), “Deregulation and Financial Fragility: A Case Study of the UK and Scandinavia”, in D. Fair and R. Raymond, eds., The Competitiveness of Financial Institutions and Centres in Europe, Financial and Monetary Policy Studies, Vol. 28. Dordrechtand Boston: Kluwer Academic.
Benink, Harald and David Llewellyn (1994b), “Fragile Banking in Norway, Sweden and Finland: An Empirical Analysis”, Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Vol. 4, 3–4: 5–19, 1994.
Bonin, John P., Kalman Miszei, Istvan P. Szekely and Paul Wachtel (1998), Banking in Transition Economies, Brookfield VT: Edward Elgar.
Bruno, Michael (1993), Crisis, Stabilization, and Economic Reform: Therapy by Consensus, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Calvo, Guillermo and Fabrizio Corricelli (1993), “Output Collapse in Eastern Europe: The Role of Credit”, IMF Staff Papers, March.
Calvo, Guillermo and Fabrizio Corricelli (1992), “Stabilizing a Previously Centrally Planned Economy: Poland 1990”, Economic Policy, 14: 176–208, 213–226, April.
Czech National Bank (CNB) (1995), Foreign Exchange Act of 26 September 1995, Prague: CNB.
Demirgüc-Kunt, Asli and Enrica Detragiache (1997), “The Determinants of Banking Crises: Evidence from Developed and Developing Countries”, Policy Research Working Paper #1828, Washington DC: World Bank.
Drusie, Ivo (1997), “Regional Dispersion of Foreign Direct Investment in Eastern Europe”, in S. Sharma, ed., Restructuring Eastern Europe: The Microeconomics of the Transition Process, Lyme NH: Edward Elgar.
Economic Commission for Europe (ECE), Trends in Europe and North America, 1998 Statistical Yearbook of the UN Economic Commission for Europe.
European Commission (1998a), Regular Report from the Commission on the Czech Republic’s Progress towards Accession, Brussels: European Commission, Nov. 04.
European Commission (1998b), Regular Report from the Commission on the Estonia’s Progress towards Accession, Brussels: European Commission, Nov. 04.
European Commission (1998c), Regular Report from the Commission on Hungary’s Progress towards Accession, Brussels: European Commission, Nov. 04.
European Commission (1998d), Regular Report from the Commission on Latvia’s Progress towards Accession, Brussels: European Commission, Nov. 04.
European Commission (1998e), Regular Report fromthe Commission on Lithuania’s Progress towards Accession, Brussels: European Commission, Nov. 04.
European Commission (1998f), Regular Report from the Commission on Poland’s Progress towards Accession, Brussels: European Commission, Nov. 04.
European Commission (1998g), Regular Report from the Commission on Slovakia’s Progress towards Accession, Brussels: European Commission, Nov. 04.
European Commission (1998h), Regular Report from the Commission on Slovenia’s Progress towards Accession, Brussels: European Commission, Nov. 04.
Faruqi, Shakil (1994), Financial Sector Reforms, Economic Growth. and Stability, Washington DC: World Bank.
Fleming, Alex and Samuel Talley (1996), The Latvian Banking Crisis: Lessons Learned, Policy Research Working Paper No. 1590, Washington DC: World Bank.
Garber, Peter M. (1996) “Managing Risk to Financial Markets from Volatile Capital Flows: The Role of Prudential Regulation”, International Journal of Finance and Economics, 1:183–195.
Goldstein, Morris and Philip Turner (1996) “Banking Crisesin Emerging Economies: Origins and Policy Options”, BIS Economic Papers #46, October 1996, Basle: Bank for International Settlements.
Haavisto, Tarmo (1997), The Transition to a Market Economy: Transformation and Reform in the Baltic States, Brookfield VT: Edward Elgar.
Hardy, Daniel C. and Ashok Kumar Lahiri (1992), Bank Insolvency and Stabilization in Eastern Europe, IMF Staff Papers 39, 4:778–800 (September 1992).
Hoen, Herman W. (1998), The Transformation of Economic Systems in Central Europe, Northampton MA: Edward Elgar.
Horvath, Julius (1998), Exchange Rate Regimes in the Transition Economies: Case Study of the Czech Republic: 1990–1997, ZEI Working Paper B11, 1998, Bonn, Germany.
International Monetary Fund, various years, Exchange Arrangements and Restrictions, Washington DC: IMF.
Kaminsky, Graciela and Carmen M. Reinhart (1996), “The Twin Crises: The Causes of Banking and Balance-of-Payments Problems”, International Finance Discussion Papers #544, Washington DC: Board of Govemorsof the Federal Reserve System.
Lainela, Seija and Pekka Sutela (1997), “IntroducingNew Currencies in the Baltic Countries”, in T. Haavisto, ed., The Transition to a Market Economy: Transformation and Reform in the Baltic States, Brookfield VT: Edward Elgar.
Lindgren, Carl-Johan, Gillian Garcia and Matthew Saal (1996), Bank Soundness and Macroeconomic Policy, Washington DC: International Monetary Fund.
Mygind, Niels (1997), “A Comparative Analysis of the Economic Transition in the Baltic Countries — Barriers, Strategies, Perspectives”, in T. Haavisto, ed., The Transition to a Market Economy, Brookfield VT: Edward Elgar Publishing Co.
National Bank of the Slovak Republic (NBS), Foreign Exchange Act of 20 September 1995, Bratislava: NBS.
Norgard, Ole, D. Hindsgaul, L. Johanssen and H. Willumsen (1996), The Baltic States after Independence, Lyme NH: Edward Elgar.
OECD (1997), OECD Economic Surveys — Slovenia, Paris: OECD.
Polish Development Bank (in co-operation with the Ministryof Finance) (1992), The Banking System in Poland 1991/92, Warsaw: PBR.
Polish Development Bank (in co-operation with the Ministry of Finance) (1993), The Banking System in Poland 1992/93, Warsaw: PBR
Polish Development Bank (in co-operation with the Ministry of Finance) (1994), The Financial System in Poland 1993/94, Warsaw: PBR.
Radosevic, Dubravko (1997), “Capital Restrictions in Croatia”, National Bank of Croatia Working Paper, March 1998, Zagreb: NBH
Radosevic, Slavo and David Dyker (1997), “Technological Integration and Global Marginalization of Central and East European Economies: The Role of FDI and Alliances”, in S. Sharma, ed., Restructuring Eastern Europe: The Microeconomics of the Transition Process, Lyme NH: Edward Elgar.
Rybczinski, T.M. (1997), “Introducing New Currencies in the Baltic Countries: A Comment”, in T. Haavisto, ed., The Transition to a Market Economy, Brookfield VT: Edward Elgar.
Sheng, Andrew (1996), Bank Restructuring: Lessons from the 1980s, Washington DC: World Bank.
Sharma, Soumitra (1997), Restructuring Eastern Europe: The Microeconomics of the Transition Process, Lyme NH: Edward Elgar.
Skreb, Marko (1997), “Banking Sector Reforms in Croatia: Problems and Prospects”, in S. Sharma, ed., Restructuring Eastern Europe: The Microeconomics of the Transition Process, Lyme NH: Edward Elgar.
Toporowski, Jan (1997), “Financial Fragility in the Banking System of Transitional Economies in Eastern Europe”, in S. Sharma, ed., Restructuring Eastern Europe: The Microeconomics of the Transition Process, Lyme NH: Edward Elgar.
United Nations (UN), World Economic and Social Survey 1999, New York NY: United Nations.
Weller, Christian (1999), The Finance-Investment Link in a Transition Economy: Evidence for Poland from Panel Data, ZEI Working Paper B4, March 1999, Bonn, Germany: ZEI.
Weller, Christian (2000), “Financial Liberalization, Multinational Banks and the Supply of Credit: The Case of Poland”, International Review of Applied Economics, forthcoming.
Weller, Christian, and Morzuch, Bernard (1999), “Why are Eastern Europe’s Banks not Failing When Everybody Else’s Are?”, ZEI Working Paper B18, September 1999, Bonn, Germany.
Weller, Christian, and Scher, Mark, 1999, Multinational Banksand Development Finance, ZEI Working Paper B16, September 1999, Bonn, Germany.
Weller, Christian, and von Hagen, Jürgen, 1999, Financial Fragility or What Went Right and What Could Go Wrong in Central European Banking?, ZEI Working Paper B13, June 1999, Bonn, Germany.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Weller, C.E., von Hagen, J. (2000). Financial Fragility or What Went Right and What Could Go Wrong in Central European Banking?. In: MacDonald, R., Cross, R. (eds) Central Europe towards Monetary Union: Macroeconomic Underpinnings and Financial Reputation. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1385-8_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1385-8_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-5527-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-1385-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive