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Presence of Carotenoid, an Anticarcinogenic Marker, in Nipple Aspirates Postlactation

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Bioactive Components of Human Milk

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 501))

Abstract

Case-controlled studies have identified a protective effect of lactation against breast cancer; however, little is known about the nature of this protective mechanism. The purpose of this study was to examine postweaned, nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) from women, ages 18 to 45, for carotenoid, a known antioxidant and anticarcinogenic marker, and compare carotenoid availability in NAF with that reported in colostrum. Women who had lactated at least 6 months and weaned for at least 6 months were recruited into the study. A prestudy and poststudy serum prolactin level was obtained. NAF was obtained through a nipple aspirator method. Total carotenoid ranged from 0.4 to 4.0 µg/mL, with a mean level of 1.9 ± 1.2 (SD). Women who had weaned earlier (<12mo) had significantly more carotenoids than those who had lactated longer (>12mo) (P = 0.04). These levels were similar to those known to occur in colostrum. This research elucidates possible mechanisms of the protective effect of lactation on the microenvironment of the breast.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA

    Chandice Covington

  2. College of Nursing, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA

    Anne Mitchell-Gieleghem

  3. Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA

    David Lawson

  4. Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA

    Isao Eto & Clinton Grubbs

Authors
  1. Chandice Covington
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  2. Anne Mitchell-Gieleghem
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  3. David Lawson
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  4. Isao Eto
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  5. Clinton Grubbs
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Waltham, Massachusetts and Harvard Medical School, Shriver Center, Boston, Massachusetts

    David S. Newburg

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© 2001 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Covington, C., Mitchell-Gieleghem, A., Lawson, D., Eto, I., Grubbs, C. (2001). Presence of Carotenoid, an Anticarcinogenic Marker, in Nipple Aspirates Postlactation. In: Newburg, D.S. (eds) Bioactive Components of Human Milk. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 501. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1371-1_18

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1371-1_18

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-5521-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-1371-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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