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Bacterial Polysaccharides as Vaccines — Immunity and Chemical Characterization

  • Chapter
The Molecular Immunology of Complex Carbohydrates —2

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 491))

Abstract

Studies on protective immunity and biochemical characterization of bacterial capsular polysaccharides have led to significant contributions to understanding of the mechanisms of infectious diseases and development of effective vaccines. Immunity to encapsulated bacteria is related to antibody response to polysaccharide (PS) antigen, interactions with T - and Blymphocytes, and host defense mechanisms.

Meningococcal, pneumococcal and Salmonella vi PSs and Haemophilus type bPS-protein conjugate vaccines have been licensed and provided effective immunity for prevention of these bacterial infections. Capsular PSs are cell-surface polymers consisting of oligosaccharide repeating units. Many PSs are highly polar and hydrophilic and interfere with cell-to-cell interactions with phagocytes. Most pneumococcal PSs are negatively charged and possess acidic components such as D-glucuronic acid and phosphate in phosphodiester bonds. Extensive immunologic cross-reactivity has been observed among bacterial capsular PSs.

In infants the antibody responses to most capsular PSs are generally poor. Enhanced immunogenicity of PS antigens can be achieved through PS-protein conjugate vaccines, immunization during a critical period of perinatal development and effective antigen delivery system.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Chi-Jen Lee & Lucia H. Lee

  2. Center for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan

    Cheng-shiung Lu

  3. Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Chang-Gung Medical College, Tao-Yuan, 333, Taiwan

    Albert Wu

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  1. Chi-Jen Lee
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  2. Lucia H. Lee
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  3. Cheng-shiung Lu
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  4. Albert Wu
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  1. Glyco Research Laboratory Institutes of Basic Medical Sciences and Natural Products, College of Medicine Chang-Gung University, Kwei-san, Tay-yuan, Taiwan

    Albert M. Wu

  2. Tao-yuan, 333, Taiwan

    Albert M. Wu

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Lee, CJ., Lee, L.H., Lu, Cs., Wu, A. (2001). Bacterial Polysaccharides as Vaccines — Immunity and Chemical Characterization. In: Wu, A.M. (eds) The Molecular Immunology of Complex Carbohydrates —2. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 491. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1267-7_30

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1267-7_30

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