Skip to main content

Male Parental Care and Paternity in Birds

  • Chapter
Current Ornithology

Part of the book series: Current Ornithology ((CUOR,volume 16))

Abstract

In many organisms both male and female appear to cooperate to raise a family. However, parents may have conflicts of interest over how much care each should provide to their young. Differences arise because parents often vary in the benefits they gain from investing in the current young (parental effort) and the benefits they may gain from alternative activities, such as attracting additional mates (mating effort) or improving their own prospects for survival (somatic effort). The tradeoff between parental and mating effort has received much attention because it is the theoretical basis for most models of sexual selection and mating systems (reviewed by Parker and Simmons, 1996; Clutton-Brock, 1991).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Alatalo, R. V., Lundberg, A., and Stahlbrandt, K., 1983, Do Pied Flycatcher males adopt broods of widow females?Oikos41:91–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, R., 1974, The evolution of social behaviorAnnu. Rev. Ecol. Syst.4:325–383.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amos, B., Schlotterer, C., and Tautz, D., 1993, Social structure of Pilot Whales revealed by analytical DNA profilingScience260:670–672.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barber, C. A., 1998, Determinants of extra-pair paternity in the socially monogamous Tree Swallow, Tachycineta bicolo, Ph.D. dissertation, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beecher, M., 1988, Kin recognition in birdsBehay. Genet.18:465–482.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beecher, M. D., 1991, Successes and failures of parent-offspring recognition animals, in:Kin Recognition(P. G. Hepper, ed.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 94–124.

    Google Scholar 

  • Birks, S., 1997, Paternity in the Australian Brush-turkeyAlectura lathamia megapode bird with uniparental male careBehay. Ecol. 8:560–568.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blumer, L., 1979, Male parental care in the bony fishesQuart. Rev. Biol.54:149–161.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Briskie, J. V., Montgomerie, R., Poldmaa, T., and Boag, P. T., 1998, Paternity and paternal care in the polygynandrous Smith’s LongspurBehay. Ecol. Sociobiol.43:181–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bryant, D., 1988, Energy expenditure and body mass changes as measures of reproductive costs in birdsFunct. Ecol.2:23–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buntin, J. D., 1996, Neural and hormonal control of parental behavior in birdsAdv. Stud. Behay.25:161–213.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burke, T., Davies, N. B., Bruford, M. W., and Hatchwell, B. J., 1989, Parental care and mating behaviour of polyandrous DunnocksPrunella modularisrelated to paternity by DNA fingerprinting,Nature338:249–251.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cezilly, F., and Nager, R. G., 1995, Comparative evidence for a positive association between divorce and extra-pair paternity in birdsProc. R. Soc. Lond. B262:7–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chase, I., 1980, Cooperative and noncooperative behavior in animalsAm. Nat.115: 827–857.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chuang, H. C., 1999, Extra-pair fertilizations and parental care in the Black-throated Blue Warbler (Dendroica caerulescens): patterns and consequences of behavior, Ph.D. dissertation, State University of New York, Buffalo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clutton-Brock, T. H., 1991The Evolution of Parental CarePrinceton University Press, Princeton, NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cuthill, I. C., and Houston, A. I., 1997, Managing time and energy, in:Behavioural Ecologyfourth edition (J. R. Krebs and N. B. Davies, eds.), Blackwell Science, Oxford, pp. 97–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dale, J., 1995, Problems with pair-wise comparisons: does certainty of paternity covary with parental care?Anim. Behay.49:519–521.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davies, N. B., 1989, Sexual conflict and the polygamy thresholdAnim. Behay.38: 226–234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davies, N. B., Hatchwell, B. J., Robson, T., and Burke, T., 1992, Paternity and parental effort in DunnocksPrunella modularis:how good are male chick-feeding rules?,Anim. Behay.43:729–746.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Decker, M. D., Parker, P. G., Minchella, D. J., and Rabenold, K. N., 1993, Monogamy in Black Vultures: genetic evidence from DNA fingerprintingBehay. Ecol.4:29–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DeLay, L., Faaborg, J., Naranjo, J., Paz, S., de Vries, T., and Parker, R, 1996, Paternal care in the cooperatively polyandrous Galapagos HawkCondor98:300–311.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dixon, A., Ross, D., O’Malley, L. C., and Burke, T., 1994, Paternal investment inversely related to degree of extra-pair paternity in Reed BuntingsNature371:698–700.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunn, P. 0., and Cockburn, A., 1996, Evolution of male parental care in a bird with almost complete cuckoldryEvolution50:2542–2548.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunn, P. 0., and Cockburn, A., 1998, Costs and benefits of extra-group mating in Superb Fairy-wrens, in:Avian Reproductive Tactics: Female and Male PerspectivesVolume 49 (P. Parker and N. Burley, eds.), Amer. Ornithol. Union, Washington, D.C., pp. 147–161.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunn, P. 0., Whittingham, L. A., Lifjeld, J. T., Robertson, R. J., and Boag, R T., 1994, Effects of breeding density, synchrony, and experience on extrapair paternity in Tree SwallowsBehay. Ecol.5:123–129.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunn, R O., Afton, A. D., Gloutney, M. L., and Alisauskas, R. T., 1999, Forced copulation results in few extra-pair fertilizations in Ross’s and Lesser Snow GeeseAnim. Behay.57:1071–1081.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Emlen, S., and Oring, L. W., 1977, Ecology, sexual selection, and the evolution of mating systemsScience197:215–223.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frederick, P., 1987, Responses of male White Ibises to their mate’s extra-pair copulationsBehay. Ecol. Sociobiol.21:223–228.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman-Gallant, C. R., 1997, Parentage and paternal care: consequences of intersexual selection in Savannah SparrowsBehay. Ecol. Sociobiol.40:395–400.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gagneux, P., Woodruff, D. S., and Boesch, C., 1997, Furtive mating in female Chimpanzees Nature 387:538–539.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gavin, T., and Bollinger, E. K., 1985, Multiple paternity in a territorial passerine: the BobolinkAuk 102:550–555.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grafen, A., 1980, Opportunity cost, benefit and degree of relatednessAnim. Behay.28: 967–968.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Green, D. J., Cockburn, A., Hall, M. L., Osmond, H., and Dunn, P. O., 1995, Increased opportunities for cuckoldry may be why dominant male Fairy-wrens tolerate helpersProc. R. Soc. Lond. B262:297–303.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gowaty, P. A., 1996, Field studies of parental care in birds: new data focus questions on variation among femalesAdv. Stud. Behay.25:477–531.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harada, Y. and Iwasa, Y., 1996, Female mate preference to receive maximum paternal care: a two-step gameAm. Nat.147:996–1027.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hartley, I. R., Davies, N. B., Hatchwell, B. J., Desrochers, A., Nebel, D., and Burke, T., 1995, The polygynandrous mating system of the Alpine AccentorPrunella collarisII. Multiple paternity and parental effortAnim. Behay. 49:789–803.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hatchwell, B. J., and Davies, N. B., 1992, An experimental study of mating competition in monogamous and polyandrous DunnocksPrunella modularis:I. Mate guarding and copulationsAnim. Behay.43:595–610.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hochachka, W., 1992, How much should reproduction cost?Behay. Ecol.3:42–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Houston, A. I., 1995, Parental effort and paternity Anim. Behay.50:1635–1644.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Houston, A., and Davies, N. B., 1985, The evolution of cooperation and life history in the DunnockPrunella modularisin: Behavioural Ecology: The Ecological Consequencesof Adaptive Behaviour, (R. Sibly and R. Smith, eds.), Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 471–487.

    Google Scholar 

  • Houston, A., Gasson, C., and McNamara, J., 1997, Female choice of matings to maximize parental careProc. R. Soc. Lond. B.264:173–179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iwasa, Y., and Harada, Y., 1998, Female mate preference to maximize paternal care. II. Female competition leads to monogamyAm. Nat.151:367–382.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamieson, I., Quinn, J, Rose, P., and White, B., 1994, Shared paternity among non-relatives is a result of an egalitarian mating system in a communally breeding bird, the PukekoProc. R. Soc. Lond. B.257:271–277.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kempenaers, B., Lanctot, R. B., and Robertson, R. J., 1998, Certainty of paternity and paternal investment in Eastern Bluebirds and Tree SwallowsAnim. Behay.55:845–860.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kempenaers, B., and Sheldon, B. C., 1997, Studying paternity and paternal care: pitfalls and problemsAnim. Behay.53:423–427.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ketterson, E. D., and Nolan, V., Jr., 1994, Male parental behavior in birdsAnnu. Rev. Ecol. Syst.25:601–628.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koenig, W., 1990, Opportunity of parentage and nest destruction in polyandrous Acorn WoodpeckersMelanerpes formicivorus Behay. Ecol. 1:55–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lack, D., 1968Ecological Adaptations for Breeding in BirdsMethuen, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lifjeld, J., Breiehagen, T., and Lampe, H., 1992, Pied Flycatchers failed to use nestling size as a cue to favor own genetic offspring in a communally raised broodOmis Scand.23:199–201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lifjeld, J. T., Dunn, P O, Robertson, R. J., and Boag, P. T., 1993, Extra-pair paternity in monogamous Tree SwallowsAnim. Behay.45:213–229.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lifjeld, J. T., Slagsvold, T., and Ellegren, H., 1998, Experimentally reduced paternity affects paternal effort and reproductive success in Pied FlycatchersAnim. Behay.55:319.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Low, B. S., 1978, Environmental uncertainty and the parental strategies of marsupials and placentalsAm. Nat.112:197–213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lubjuhn, T., Curio, E., Muth, S. C., Brun, J., and Epplen, J. T., 1993, Influence of extra-pair paternity on parental care in Great Tits(Parus major)in:DNA Fingerprinting: State of the Science (S. D. J. Pena, R. Chakraborty, J. T. Epplen, and A. J. Jeffreys, eds.), Birkhauser Verlag, Basel, pp. 379–385.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • MacDougall-Shackleton, E., and Robertson, R. J., 1998, Confidence of paternity and paternal care by Eastern BluebirdsBehay. Ecol.9:201–205.

    Google Scholar 

  • Magrath, M. J. L., and Elgar, M. A., 1997, Paternal care declines with increased opportunity for extra-pair matings in Fairy MartinsProc. R. Soc. Lond. B.264:1731–1736.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mangel, M., and Clark, C. W., 1988Dynamic Modelling in Behavioral EcologyPrinceton University Press, Princeton, NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mauck, R. A., Marschall, E. A., and Parker, P. G., 1999, Adult survival and imperfect assessment of parentage: effects on male parenting decisions.Am. Nat.154:99–109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maynard-Smith, J., 1978The Evolution of SexCambridge University Press, Cambridge. Maynard-Smith, J., 1982Evolution and the Theory of GamesCambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Monaghan, P., and Nager, R. G., 1997, Why don’t birds lay more eggs?Trends Ecol. Evol.12:270–274.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morton, E. S., Forman, L., and Braun, M., 1990, Extrapair fertilizations and the evolution of colonial breeding in Purple MartinsAuk107:275–283.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moller, A. P., 1988, Paternity and paternal care in the SwallowHirundo rustica Anim. Behay. 36:996–1005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moller, A. P., 1992, Frequency of female copulations with multiple males and sexual selectionAm. Nat.139:1089–1101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moller, A. P., and Birkhead, T., 1993, Certainty of paternity covaries with paternal care in birdsBehay. Ecol. Sociobiol.33:261–268.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moller, A. P., and Tegelstrom, H., 1997, Extra-pair paternity and tail ornamentation in the Barn SwallowHirundo rustica Behay. Ecol. Sociobiol. 41:353–360.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nur, N., 1990, The cost of reproduction in birds: Evaluating the evidence from manipulative and non-manipulative studies, in:Population Biology of Passerine Birds(J. Blondel, A. Gosler, J.-D. Lebreton, and R. McCleery, eds.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 281–296.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Owens, I. P. F., 1993, When kids just aren’t worth it: cuckoldry and parental careTrends Ecol. Evol.8:269–271.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parker, G. A., and Simmons, L. W., 1996, Parental investment and the control of sexual selection: predicting the direction of sexual competitionProc. R. Soc. Lond. B.263: 315–321.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perrone, M., Jr., and Zaret, T., 1979, Parental care patterns of fishesAm. Nat.113:351–361.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, D. P., and Gross, M. R., 1992, Genetic evidence for cuckoldry in Bluegill(Lepomis marcochirus) Mol. Ecol. 3:563–569.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pierce, E. P., and Lifjeld, J. T., 1998, High paternity without paternity-assurance behavior in the Purple SandpiperAuk115:602–612.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pinxten, R., and Eens, M., 1994, Male feeding of nestlings in the facultatively polygynous European Starling: allocation patterns and effect on female reproductive successBehaviour129:113–140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ratnieks, F., 1996, Evolution of unstable and stable biparental careBehay. Ecol. 7:490–493.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reeve, H. K., and Dugatkin, L. A., 1998, Why we need evolutionary game theory, in:Game Theory and Animal Behavior(L. A. Dugatkin and H. K. Reeve, eds.), Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 304–311.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ridley, M., 1978, Paternal careAnim. Behay.26:904–932.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Riley, H. T., Bryant, D. M., Carter, R. E., and Parkin, D. T., 1995, Extra-pair fertilization and paternity defense in House MartinsDelichon urbica Anim. Behay. 49:495–509.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, R., 1990, Tactics and counter-tactics of sexually selected infanticide in Tree Swallows, in:Population Biology of Passerine Birds(J. Blondel, A. Gosler, J.-D. Lebreton, and R. McCleery, eds.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 381–390.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Rutberg, A., and Rohwer, S., 1980, Breeding strategies of male Yellow-headed Blackbirds: results of a removal experimentAuk97:619–622.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schoech, S. J., Ketterson, E. D., Nolan, Jr., V., Sharp, P. J., and Buntin, J. D., 1998, The effect of exogenous testosterone on parental behavior, plasma prolactin, and prolactin binding sites in Dark-eyed JuncosHorm. Behay.34:1–10.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwagmeyer, P. L., and Mock, D., 1993, Shaken confidence of paternityAnim. Behay.46:1020–1022.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwagmeyer, P. L., St. Clair, R. C., Moodie, J. D., Lamey, T. C., Schnell, G. D., and Moodie, M. N., 1999, Species differences in avian male parental care: a reexamination of correlates of paternityAuk116:487–503.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sheldon, B. C., and Ellegren, H., 1998, Paternal effort related to experimentally manipulated paternity of male Collared FlycatchersProc. R. Soc. Lond. B265:1737–1742.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sheldon, B. C., Rasanen, K., and Dias, P. C., 1997, Certainty of paternity and paternal effortin the Collared FlycatcherBehay. Ecol.8:421–428.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, H. G., 1995, Experimental demonstration of a trade-off between mate attraction and paternal careProc. R. Soc. Lond B.260:45–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, H. G., and Montgomerie, R., 1992, Male incubation in Barn Swallows: the influence of nest temperature and sexual selectionCondor94:750–759.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stearns, S. C., 1992The Evolution of Life HistoriesOxford University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stutchbury, B. J. M., 1998, Female mate choice of extra-pair males: breeding synchrony is importantBehay. Ecol. Sociobiol.43:213–215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trivers, R., 1972, Parental investment and sexual selection, in:Sexual Selection and the Descent of Man 1871–1971. (B. Campbell, ed.), Aldine-Atherton, Chicago, pp. 136–179.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, R., 1992, Confidence of paternity and parental effort in RazorbillsAuk109: 556–562.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, R. H., Schug, M. D., and Morton, E. S., 1996, Confidence of paternity, actual paternity and parental effort by Purple MartinsAnim. Behay.52:123–132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weatherhead, P., and McRae, S., 1990, Brood care in American Robins: implications for mixed reproductive strategies by femalesAnim. Behay.39:1179–1188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weatherhead, P. J., Montgomerie, R., Gibbs, H. L., and Boag, P. T., 1994, The cost of extra-pair fertilizations to female Red-winged BlackbirdsProc. R. Soc. Lond. B.258: 315–320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Werren, J., Gross, M. R., and Shine, R., 1980, Paternity and evolution of male parental careJ. Theor. Biol.82:619–631.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westneat, D. F., 1988, Male parental care and extrapair copulations in the Indigo BuntingAuk105:149–161.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Westneat, D. E, 1995, Paternity and paternal behaviour in the Red-winged BlackbirdAgelaius phoeniceus Anim. Behay. 49:21–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Westneat, D. F., and Webster, M., 1994, Molecular analyses of kinship in birds: interesting questions and useful techniques, in:Molecular Approaches to Ecology and Evolution(R. DeSalle, G. P. Wagner, B. Shierwater, and B. Streit, eds.), Birkhauser Verlag, Basel, pp. 91–126.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westneat, D. F., Clark, A. B., and Rambo, K. C., 1995, Within-brood patterns of paternity and paternal behavior in Red-winged BlackbirdsBehay. Eco]. Sociobiol.37:349–356.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westneat, D. F., and Sargent, R. C., 1996, Sex and parenting: the effects of sexual conflict and parentage on parental strategiesTrends Ecol. Evol.11:87–91.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westneat, D. E, and Sherman, P. W., 1993, Parentage and the evolution of parental behaviorBehay. Ecol.4:66–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whittingham, L. A., and Dunn, P.0., 1998, Male parental effort and paternity in a variable mating systemAnim. Behay.55:629–640.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whittingham, L. A., Dunn, P.0., and Robertson, R. J., 1993, Confidence of paternity and male parental care¡ªan experimental study in Tree SwallowsAnim. Behay. 46:139–147.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whittingham, L. A., Dunn, P.0., and Robertson, R. J., 1994, Female response to reduced male parental care in birds: an experiment in Tree SwallowsEthology96:260–269.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whittingham, L. A., and Lifjeld, J. T., 1995, High paternal investment in unrelated young: extra-pair paternity and male parental care in House MartinsBehay. Ecol. Sociobiol.37:103–108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whittingham, L. A., Taylor, P. D., and Robertson, R. J., 1992, Confidence of paternity and male parental careAm. Nat.139:1115–1125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, G., 1966, Natural selection, the costs of reproduction, and a refinement of Lack’s principleAm. Nat.100:687–690.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winkler, D. W., 1987, A general model for parental careAm. Nat.130:526–553.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winkler, D. W., and Wilkinson, G., 1988, Parental effort in birds and mammals• theory andmeasurement, in:Oxford Series in Evolutionary Biology, vol. 5(P. H. Harvey and L. Partridge, eds.), Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 185–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, J., 1992, Certainty of paternity and parental careAnim. Behay.44:380–381.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, J., 1998, Paternity and paternal care, in:Sperm Competition and Sexual Selection(T. Birkhead, ed.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 117–145.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, J., and Cotton, P., 1994, Experimentally induced sex differences in parental care: an effect of certainty of paternity?Anim. Behay.47:1311–1322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, J., and Cuthill, I. 1989, Manipulation of sex differences in parental care, Behay. Ecol. Sociobiol. 25:171–181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xia, X.,1992, Uncertainty of paternity can select against parental care, Am. Nat.139:1126–1129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yezerinac, S., Weatherhead, P., and Boag, P., 1996, Cuckoldry and lack of parentage-dependent paternal care in Yellow Warblers: a cost-benefit approachAnim. Behay.52:821–832.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zahavi, A., 1987, The theory of signal selection and some of its implications, in:International Symposium of Biological Evolution(V. P. Delfino, ed.) Bari, Italy: Adriatica Editric, pp. 305–327.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2001 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Whittingham, L.A., Dunn, P.O. (2001). Male Parental Care and Paternity in Birds. In: Nolan, V., Thompson, C.F. (eds) Current Ornithology. Current Ornithology, vol 16. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1211-0_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1211-0_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-5443-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-1211-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics