Abstract
This work is related to the FCC → HCP transformation exhibited by Co-base alloys. In particular it is known that the transformation occurs martensitically by either; (a) athermal, (b) isothermal, or (c) a strain induced transformation. The mechanisms involved are not exactly the same in each case, and the formation of ε-martensite can develop various morphologies. Nevertheless, in all of the modes of transformation, the nucleation stage seems to control the FCC → HCP transformation rates.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
E. Smethurst and R.B. Waterhouse, Causes of Failure in Total Hip Prostheses, Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 12, (1977) pp. 1781–1792
R.M. Rose, Materials for internal prostheses in 1974 Yearbook of Science and Technology, McGraw Hill, New York.
D.C. Mears; Int. Met. Rev., Vol. 22, (1977), pp. 119–155.
H.S. Dobbs and Robertson, Heat treatment of cast Co-Cr-Mofor orthopedic implant use, Journal of Materials Science, 18, (1983), pp. 391–401.
C. Clarke, P. Campbell and N. Kossovsky; in Particulate Debris from Medical Implants: Mechanisms of Formation and Biological Consequences, K.R. St. John (ed.), ASTM STP 1144, American Society for Testing Materials, Philadelphia, (1992), pp. 7–26.
T.M Devine and J. Wulff, Cast Vs. Wrought Cobalt-chromium surgical implant alloys Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Vol. 9, (1975), pp 151–167.
R.T Holt and W. Wallace; Mech. Eng. Report, MS-143, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, 1980.
J.B. Vander Sande, J.R. Coke and J. Wulff, A transmission electron microscopy study of the mechanisms of strengthening in heat-treated Co-Cr-Mo-C alloys, Metallurgical Transactions A, Vol. 7A, (1976), pp. 389–397.
D. H. Buckley and R.L Johnson; Trans. ASLE, 8, (1965), 123, cited in “Crystal structure”, Ch. 17 in Wear of Metals, A.D. Sarker (ed.), Pergamon Press, New York, (1976), pp. 93–95.
A. Salinas-Rodriguez and J.L. Rodriguez Deformation behavior of low-carbon Co-Cr-Mo alloys Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Vol. 31, (1996), pp. 409–419.1.
D.H. Buckley; Cobalt, Vol. 38, 20, (1968) cited in “Crystal structure”, Ch. 17 in Wear of Metals, A.D. Sarker (ed.), Pergamon Press, New York, (1976), pp. 93–95.
P. Huang Martensitic transformation and its role on the tribological behavior of a CoCrMo implant alloy Doctoral Thesis; University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, U.S.A. (1997).
F. Sebilleau and H. Bibring The allotropic transformation of Cobalt, Rev. Met. 1642, (1955), pp. 209–217.
R Adams and C. Altstetter; Transactions of the Metallurgical Society of AIME, Vol. 242, January 1968, pp. 139–143.
A.J. Saldívar Garcia Doctoral Thesis, Estudio por difracción de rayos-X In-situ de la transformación martensítica isotérmica en la aleación Co-27Cr-5Mo-0.05C; CINVESTAV-IPN Unidad Saltillo, Mexico (1998).
A.J. Saldívar Garcia, A, Maní M.and A. Salinas Rodriguez Formation of HCP martensite during the isothermal aging of an FCC Co-27Cr-5Mo-0.05C orthopedic implant alloy Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A; Vol. 30A, (May 1999), pp.1177–1184.
M. Sage and C. Gillaud Méthode d’analyse quantitative des varietés allotropiques du cobalt par les rayons X, Rev. Met. (1950), Vol. 49, pp. 139–145.
D.Z. Yang and C.M. Wayman Slow growth of isothermal lath martensite in an Fe-21Ni-4Mn alloy, Acta Metallurgica, Vol. 32, No. 6, pp. 949–954 (1984).
G.B. Olson and M. Cohen, A general mechanism of martensitic nucleation: Part III Kinetics or martensitic nucleation, Metallurgical Transactions A, 7A, ( Dec. 1976), pp. 1915–1923.
T. Ericcson; Acta Metallurgiac, Vol. 14, (1966), pp. 853,
L. Remy, A. Pineau, Twinning of strain-induced FCC-HCP transformation on the mechanical properties of Co- Ni-Cr-Mo alloys, Mater. Sci. Eng. 26, (1976), pp 123.
M. Cohen and C.M Wayman, Fundamentals of martensitic reactions, Metallurgical Treatises in J.K Tien, J.F. Elliot (Eds.), Conf. Proceedings Beijing China, (1981), p. 445.
K. Rajan, J.B. Vander Sande, Room temperature strengthening mechanisms in a Co-Cr-Mo-C, Alloy Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 17, (1982), pp. 769–778.
G.B. Olson and M. Cohen, Kinetics of strain-induced martensitic nucleation, Metallurgical Transactions A, 6A, (April 1975), pp. 791–795.
J. Cahn and W. Hagel Decomposition of Austenite by Diffusional Processes, V. Zackay and H. Aaronson, eds. Intersciences Publishers, Inc., New York, N.Y., (1962), p. 134.
N. Cong Dahn, D. Morphy and K. Rajan, Kinetics of the martensitic FCC-HCP transformation in Co-Cr-Mo alloy powders, Acta Metallurgies, Vol. 32, No. 9, (1984), pp.1317–1322.
S.R. Pati and M. Cohen, Acta Metallurgica. Vol. 17, (1969), p.189.
C.L. Magee, Metallurgical Transactions, Vol.2, (1971), p. 2409.
R.L. Fullman, Trans. Am. Inst. Min. Engrs., Vol. 197, (1953), p. 447.
P.H Adler and G.B Olson, Thermodynamics and kinetics of δ-a martensitic transformation in Pu-alloys; Metallurgical Transactions A, Vol. 19A, (1988), pp. 2705–2711.
F. Lecroisey and A. Pineau, Martensitic transformations induced by plastic deformation in the Fe-Ni-Cr-C System, Metallurgical Transactions A, Vol. 3A, (1972), pp. 387–395.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
López, H.F., Saldívar, A., Huang, P. (2000). Development and Properties of ε-Martensite in Co-Cr-Mo Alloys for Biomaterials Applications. In: Meike, A., Gonis, A., Turchi, P.E.A., Rajan, K. (eds) Properties of Complex Inorganic Solids 2. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1205-9_23
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1205-9_23
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-5440-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4615-1205-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive