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Circadian Organization in Nonmammalian Vertebrates

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Book cover Circadian Clocks

Part of the book series: Handbook of Behavioral Neurobiology ((HBNE,volume 12))

Abstract

Remarkable progress has been made in the last quarter century in our knowledge of the concrete nature of biological clocks both at the levels of tissue and organs and at molecular levels. Studies in vertebrates have focused on the anatomic locations of sites involved in generating circadian rhythms, the ways these sites communicate with one another, and the ways that external stimuli, most notably light, affect the system. These studies have revealed a surprising complexity in the organization of circadian systems in nonmammalian vertebrates. Nonmammalian vertebrates are multioscillator in nature, that is, more than one circadian clock is involved in generating rhythmicity, and there are multiple photic input pathways as well. At least three sites have been shown to exhibit autonomous circadian rhythmicity: the pineal organ, the suprachiasmatic area of the hypothalamus, and the eyes. Circadian “organization” is accomplished by coupling together these rhythmic sites via hormonal and neural pathways so that the multiple clocks can act in a coherent fashion to drive the myriad overt rhythms that the organism possesses. In some cases, persistent rhythmicity in one site may require periodic inputs from another.

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  1. Department of Zoology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-7617, USA

    Herbert Underwood

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  1. Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA

    Joseph S. Takahashi , Fred W. Turek  & Robert Y. Moore ,  & 

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Underwood, H. (2001). Circadian Organization in Nonmammalian Vertebrates. In: Takahashi, J.S., Turek, F.W., Moore, R.Y. (eds) Circadian Clocks. Handbook of Behavioral Neurobiology, vol 12. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1201-1_6

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